“…Viral proteins from divergent influenza A, hendra, measles, and herpes simplex viruses also appear to use LLPS for virus replication ( Alenquer et al, 2019 ; McSwiggen et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2019 ). In a greater perspective, the association between viral nucleoproteins and vRNA appears responsible for LLPS ( Alberti et al, 2019 ; Kondo et al, 2013 ; Lifland et al, 2012 ; Nikolic et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2019 ), and the association between ZnF and RING finger proteins lead to the assembly of virus factories, virus-like particles, and inclusion bodies ( Brick et al, 1998 ; Fehling et al, 2012 ; Hanslip et al, 2006 ; Hoenen et al, 2012 ; Mathur et al, 2014 ; Nerenberg et al, 2005 ; Senkevich et al, 1995 ). Our work demonstrates that Gag and pan-retrovirus NC proteins induce Zn 2+ -dependent LLPS and SGs, supporting the notion that translational silencing of vRNA ushers it into trafficking cytoplasmic RNPs slated for virus assembly.…”