The Myzocytiopsidaceae

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Lagenidium -like oomycetes pathogenic to mammals

“…All individuals represented in the Myzocytiopsis sub-clade are from nematode hosts. Three sequenced species of Myzocytiopsis sensu Dick (1997b) are not included in this clade: M. humana (h L. humanum) and M. intermedia that cluster within the Lagenidium s.s. clade, and Myzocytiopsis osiris that is phylogenetically associated with the Saprolegniomycetes (Supplementary Fig S1). The sixth sub-clade, Lagenidium s.l.…”

“…Based on these criteria Dick (1997aDick ( , 1997bDick ( , 2001 reclassified almost all described Lagenidium and Myzocytium species in 14 genera, namely Aphanomycopsis, Chlamydomyzium, Cornumyces, Cystosiphon, Ectrogella, Lagenidium, Myzocytiopsis, Myzocytium, Pleocystidium, Pythiella, Pythium, Salilagenidium, Sirolpidium, and Syzygangia (more correctly called Resticularia). This left only L. giganteum (type species as recognised by Dick), My.…”

“…This left only L. giganteum (type species as recognised by Dick), My. proliferum (type species, as recognised by Dick), Myzocytium netrii, and Myzocytium rabenhorstii (h L. rabenhorstii) in Lagenidium and Myzocytium respectively (Dick 1997a(Dick , 1997b(Dick , 2001. Some changes to oomycete taxonomy made in the same tome (Dick 2001) have been challenged or rejected by molecular phylogenies (see Beakes et al 2014b) and several nomenclatural issues has had to be corrected by validation of the names Lagenidium giganteum, Lagenidium callinectes, and the generic name Salilagenidium and its combinations, along with replacement of Syzygangia by Resticularia (Redhead 2015a(Redhead , 2015bRedhead 2016aRedhead , 2016bRedhead & Kirk 2016).…”

“…Lagena radicicola (plant pathogen), unidentified Lagenidium-like pathogens of algae and nematodes, and the mammalian pathogen Pythium insidiosum (Hyde et al 2014), suggesting that host data might not be reliable criteria in the systematics of lagenidium-like oomycetes. This may explain why several of the taxonomic changes suggested by Dick (2001) have not been taken up in taxonomy databases such as MycoBank and Index Fungorum, and why some researchers have not implemented the changes Dick (2001) Dick (1997aDick ( , 1997bDick ( , 2001, the construction of a reliable Lagenidium and Myzocytium taxonomy at the levels of families, genera and species is not advanced by outright rejection of all his proposals. On the contrary, Dick (1997aDick ( , 1997bDick ( , 2001) provided a new taxonomic framework from which necessary changes can be made as molecular data provides insight into the evolutionary relationships between lagenidium-like taxa.…”

“…karlingii through multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. To this end publicly available and de novo generated sequence data of SSU (18S), ITS, LSU (28S), COX1 (COI), COX2, and TUBB (b-tubulin) regions for Chlamydomyzium, Lagenidium, Myzocytiopsis, Salilagenidium, relevant Pythium species, as well as the mammalian pathogens in question were included, thereby providing a hitherto unmatched phylogenetic perspective on the classification of Lagenidiumrelated taxa by Dick (1997aDick ( , 1997bDick ( , 2001. In addition, illustrated descriptions of the mammalian pathogens are provided.…”