“…On the basis of a substantial analysis of the leading publications in the information systems and public administration fields, they concluded that in the literature the most commonly identified impacts of IT on public administration are discussed in terms of efficiency and productivity of government performance. In line with these findings, ICT enabled public sector reforms have largely conceived the use of ICT as a further step in the re-organization of the public sector along the basic principles of efficiency gains and costs savings that have driven much private sector ICT adoption (Bekkers & Homburg, 2007;Bhen, 1998;Dunleavy, Margetts, Bastow, & Tinkler, 2006b;Heeks, 1999;Homburg, 2004;Osborne & Gaebler, 1992). Thus a vast literature has been produced to discuss the effects of ICT adoption at the different government levels (Asgarkhani, 2005;Contini & Cordella, 2007;Danziger & Andersen, 2002;Gupta & Jana, 2003;Melitski, 2003;Moon, 2002) and to benchmark countries against indices of ICT readiness (UN, 2001(UN, , 2003, as if a better score would lead to more effective transformation of government action.…”