The mystery of myopia

Goldschmidt, Ernst

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.2003.00145.x

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…from the reported records. In summary, 2 of 3 of our high myopes (|SER| > 6 D.) develop serious vision problems, as is often reported (Holden et al, 2014; Wong et al, 2014; Goldschmidt, 2003), 4 of 5 employ (+) Add lenses for 10 to 30 years, with refraction remaining stable. This post-graduate age bracket corresponds to that of pilots, so ordinary reading glasses may be a simple, practical solution to stabilize pilot myopia.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Mathematical models of college myopia

Greene¹,

Grill

Medina

2016

Optik

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Experimental design phase of a pilot study at Annapolis is described, using reading glasses, +1.5 D. to +3.0 D. to alleviate college myopia. College students often become 1.0 to 2.0 diopters more myopic, so reading glasses were explored to partially cancel the effects of the study environment. N = 25 different sets of (+)Add lenses are evaluated, for required adjustment period and reading comfort. Three computer models are developed to predict refraction versus time. Basic control system equations predict exponential myopia shift of refractive state R(t) with time constant t0 = 100 days. Linear, exponential and Gompertz computer results are compared calculating refraction R(t) during the college years, showing correlation coefficients |r| = 0.96 to 0.97, accurate +/−0.31 D. over a 14 year interval. Typical college myopia rate is −0.3 to −0.4 D/yr. Reading glasses may be a simple, practical solution to stabilize college myopia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Mathematical models of college myopia

Greene¹,

Grill

Medina

2016

Optik

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“…Especially myopia has become a very common problem. Several studies describe an increasing prevalence of myopia in the last two decades (Sveinsson 1982; Hosaka 1988; Fledelius 1983; Morgan and Munro 1973; Johnson et al 1984; van Rens 1991; Lin et al 2004; Rose et al 2001; Saw et al 2005) whereas other studies concluded that the frequency of myopia had been nearly static for a century (Midelfart et al 1992; Goldschmidt 2003; Fledelius 2000). Furthermore, racial differences in myopia rates are well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany

Jobke

Kasten²,

Vorwerk³

2008

OPTH

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PurposeThe prevalence rates of myopia vary between 5% in Australian Aborigines to 84% in Hong Kong and Taiwan, 30% in Norwegian adults, and 49.5% in Swedish schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in German children, adolescents, and adults.MethodsThe parents (aged 24–65 years) and their children (516 subjects aged 2–35 years) were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their refractive error and spectacle use. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between +0.25D and −0.25D. Myopia was characterized as ≤−0.5D and hyperopia as ≥+0.5D. All information concerning refractive error were controlled by asking their opticians.ResultsThe prevalence rates of myopia differed significantly between all investigated age groups: it was 0% in children aged 2–6 years, 5.5% in children aged 7–11 years, 21.0% in adolescents (aged 12–17 years) and 41.3% in adults aged 18–35 years (Pearson’s Chi-square, p = 0.000). Furthermore, 9.8% of children aged 2–6 years were hyperopic, 6.4% of children aged 7–11 years, 3.7% of adolescents, and 2.9% of adults (p = 0.380). The prevalence of myopia in females (23.6%) was significantly higher than in males (14.6%, p = 0.018). The difference between the self-reported and the refractive error reported by their opticians was very small and was not significant (p = 0.850).ConclusionIn Germany, the prevalence of myopia seems to be somewhat lower than in Asia and Europe. There are few comparable studies concerning the prevalence rates of hyperopia.

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“…Although the true aetiology of myopia is still unknown (Goldschmidt 2003), the cornea is responsible for approximately two-thirds of optical refraction and its role in myopia has consequently been studied intensely over the years. Known possible changes in the highly myopic eye are all located in the posterior segment: staphyloma, myopic conus, choroidal atrophy, thinning of the retina and sclera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central corneal thickness in high myopia

Pedersen

Hjortdal

Ehlers

2005

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine if central corneal thickness (CCT) is different in emmetropia and high myopia. Methods: 57 emmetropic subjects (0 to + 1.5 D) and 48 high myopes (all more than -6 D in spherical equivalent refraction) were studied. CCT was measured by a Haag-Streit Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR) pachymeter, a recently developed high precision pachymeter with a standard deviation (SD) for repeated measurements of 1 mm. Results: Mean CCT for the emmetropic group was 538.6 mm (SD = 32.1), and for the myopic group 527.7 mm (SD = 35.0). Neither the mean CCT nor the variance from the two groups showed a statistically significant different (p > 0.05). Conclusion: CCT is not systematically altered in myopia. The process by which the myopia progresses does not to a measurable degree influence the central cornea.

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The mystery of myopia

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Mathematical models of college myopia

Mathematical models of college myopia

The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany

Central corneal thickness in high myopia

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