The Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Bronchiolitis Obliterans

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

“…Moreover, this patient's past medical history and concurrent medications, including sertraline, esomeprazole, fenofibrate and verapamil, were devoid of other reported causes of BOOP [11,12]. With regard to the patient's lymphoma, there have only been single reports of myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia associated with BOOP [17][18][19], and no association between marginal zone extranodal NHL and BOOP has been reported. Thus, although the patient's other medications, his NHL and an idiopathic form cannot be excluded entirely, rituximab appears the most likely causative agent in this case.…”

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in three children with acute leukaemias treated with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines

“…However, all microbiological tests performed on biological fluids (blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage) and lung biopsy specimens produced negative results for the presence of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms. BOOP has previously been described in patients with refractory anaemia with excess blasts [11] and with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [12]. In these two reports, the aetiology of the pulmonary lesions was not identified and a possible subclinical viral infection leading to an immunological-type reaction was suspected [13].…”

“…BOOP can be idiopathic or can be produced by a variety of immunological, toxic and inflammatory processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, BOOP has been reported in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes [11][12], with irradiation pneumonitis [13], and following administration of different drugs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. We describe the cases of three patients, one with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, who developed BOOP 10-20 days after a course of chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines.…”

Association between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants

“…The clinical spectrum of BOOP ranges from a mild illness to respiratory failure and death. [1][2][3] Histologic BOOP may be idiopathic or it may be associated with bacterial and viral infections, [4][5][6][7] drugs, 8,9 collagen vascular diseases, [10][11][12][13][14] aspiration, 15 irradiation, 16 inflammatory bowel disease, 17 myelodysplastic syndrome, 18 common variable immunodeficiency syndrome, 19 and lung transplantation. 20 A handful of case reports and small case series have described BOOP in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation.…”