The Mutual Interactions between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myoblasts in an Autologous Co-Culture Model

Abstract

Both myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) take part in the muscle tissue regeneration and have been used as experimental cellular therapy in muscular disorders treatment. It is possible that co-transplantation approach could improve the efficacy of this treatment. However, the relations between those two cell types are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to determine the reciprocal interactions between myoblasts and MSC in vitro in terms of the features important for the muscle regeneration process. Primary caprine muscle-derived cells (MDC) and bone marrow-derived MSC were analysed in autologous settings. We found that MSC contribute to myotubes formation by fusion with MDC when co-cultured directly, but do not acquire myogenic phenotype if exposed to MDC-derived soluble factors only. Experiments with exposure to hydrogen peroxide showed that MSC are significantly more resistant to oxidative stress than MDC, but a direct co-culture with MSC does not diminish the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 on MDC. Cell migration assay demonstrated that MSC possess significantly greater migration ability than MDC which is further enhanced by MDC-derived soluble factors, whereas the opposite effect was not found. MSC-derived soluble factors significantly enhanced the proliferation of MDC, whereas MDC inhibited the division rate of MSC. To conclude, presented results suggest that myogenic precursors and MSC support each other during muscle regeneration and therefore myoblasts-MSC co-transplantation could be an attractive approach in the treatment of muscular disorders.

CXCL12 in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Healthy Controls: Relationships to Ambulatory 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Echocardiographic Measures

“…Probably, the role of CXCL12 depends on the microenvironment in which it acts (including interaction with inflammatory and progenitor cells), timing (acute ischemic injury or chronic condition), and concentration (dose-dependent cardiac myocyte apoptosis as shown by Jarrah et al [11]; beneficial effect of CXCL12 at lower concentrations that ceased at high concentration reported in a porcine model by Penn et al [21]) as well as the mechanism that induces the remodeling (increased afterload vs. volume overload). It is possible that the proapoptotic influence exerted by CXCL12 directly on the cardiomyocytes cannot be balanced by CXLC12-driven influx of reparatory stem cells, which play a vital role in muscle regeneration [22]. This is in line with the hypothesis expressed by other researchers that ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure are cardiomyocyte deficiency disorders [23,24].…”

Intraurethral co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and muscle-derived cells improves the urethral closure

“…In contrary to myoblasts, the myogenic potential of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo after intramuscular injection is very limited. The ability of isolated MSCs to participate in muscle regeneration is based on fusion rather than on true differentiation [ 9 , 10 ]. However, MSCs possess well-documented high secretory activity and are believed to stimulate endogenous progenitor cells and angiogenesis by a paracrine mechanism [ 11 ].…”

Development of a 3D Tissue‐Engineered Skeletal Muscle and Bone Co‐culture System

“…While co-culture systems described within the literature report the influence of one cell type on the other, these papers have yet to describe the conditions which allow for the successful culture and differentiation of both cell types in a single medium system through experimental comparisons. [52][53][54][55] In the experiments reported herein, a restriction in the concentrations of glucose between medium significantly negatively affected the C2C12 line and was not offset by the addition of glutamine. [56][57][58] A deficit in the fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplement concentration was also implicated in the restriction of population growth of the myogenic cells.…”