The mutagenicity of heterocyclic N-nitrosamines for Salmonella typhimurium

Mutagenicity of products obtained free from cysteamine-glucose browning model systems

“…Piperazines, which give pyrazines by dehydrogenation, also have not been found in natural foods. It is well known that /V-nitrosopiperazines are strong mutagens (Zeiger and Sheldon, 1978) and pyrazines are typical browning products (Hodge, 1972). Those saturated heterocyclic compounds, such as thiazolidines and piperazines, may not form in foods, but this is not certain yet.…”

Hazard assessment of nitrosamine and nitramine by-products of amine-based CCS: Alternative approaches

“…From this inventory it is clear that all the listed N-nitroso compounds are positive in one or the other genotoxicity test. However, although NPIPz is positive when tested in the presence of metabolic activation in an Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strain 1535 (Zeiger and Sheldon, 1978), this positive result is canceled by the negative result obtained with the in vitro HPRT gene mutation test with Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in the presence of metabolic activation (Jones et al, 1981). In a comparable test with Chinese Hamster Lung cells, the CCS nitrosamines NMOR (Robichová et al, 2004) and NDELA (Liu and Russell, 2008) did test positive.…”

Metabolism and mutagenicity of N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine and its hydroxylated derivatives

“…The mutagenicity of NO-HEX in Escherichia coli [6] and Salmonella typhimurium [7,8] has been reported, but only a few studies have attempted to correlate the metabolism of cyclic nitrosamines with mutagenicity [9,10]. A correlation between metabolism and mutagenicity [l 11 or DNA binding [12] for dimethylnitrosamine has also been established, but conflicting data do exist [ 13,141.…”