The musical brain

Koelsch, Stefan; Skeie, Geir

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817422-7.00001-8

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…In turn, entropy can be defined as the average level of information or uncertainty that is inherent in a variable's possible outcomes. Critically, in line with early studies using music theoretic approaches to characterize musical stimuli (Besson & Faïta, 1995; Koelsch, 2012), musical events characterized as high in IC have been shown to be experienced as surprising to listeners (Pearce et al, 2010), whereas those high in entropy are associated with feelings of uncertainty (Hansen et al, 2016; Hansen & Pearce, 2014).…”

Section: From Epistemic and Perceptual To Information Theoretic Conce...mentioning

confidence: 62%

Accounting for expressions of curiosity and enjoyment during music listening.

Omigie¹,

Ricci²

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Music induces surprise and uncertainty in listeners as it unfolds. However, it remains unexamined whether it is also able to induce waxing and waning feelings of curiosity, how such feelings relate to the enjoyment of music, and what role music's information theoretic structure, on the one hand, and listeners' expertise and trait curiosity, on the other, may play. Here, we characterized melodies using a computational model and required participants to report on their experience of them as they unfolded. In a first experiment, listeners indicated, when cued, how curious they were as to how the melodies would continue. In a second experiment, a further set of participants completed two rating tasks -one in which they were cued to indicate felt curiosity, and another in which they were cued to indicate how much they were enjoying the melody -before completing a multidimensional assessment of curiosity. We found a positive association between curiosity and note information content (IC, surprisingness) that was more pronounced in low entropy (highly predictable) contexts. However, we found that curiosity ratings of listeners with no music-theory training (and little/no experience playing music) were less influenced by musical structure and more driven by judgments of stimulus valence. Finally, we showed that two subgroups of curious people, revealed using cluster analyses, did not differ in how well their curiosity ratings were explained by IC and entropy but differed in the extent to which their unfolding enjoyment of music changed as a function of IC. Taken together, our results demonstrate that musical structure interacts with musical background to influence the emergence of felt curiosity during music listening, while trait curiosity further influences how listening enjoyment emerges.

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Section: From Epistemic and Perceptual To Information Theoretic Conce...mentioning

confidence: 62%

Accounting for expressions of curiosity and enjoyment during music listening.

Omigie¹,

Ricci²

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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“…In humans, the association between music and emotions derives from neurocognitive process, with music structure as determinant 7 , 8 , 61 , 62 . Acoustic stimulation activates a multidimensional process in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectro-temporal acoustic elements of music interact in an integrated way to modulate emotional responses in pigs

Cardona

Ceballos

Morales

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Music is a complex stimulus, with various spectro-temporal acoustic elements determining one of the most important attributes of music, the ability to elicit emotions. Effects of various musical acoustic elements on emotions in non-human animals have not been studied with an integrated approach. However, this knowledge is important to design music to provide environmental enrichment for non-human species. Thirty-nine instrumental musical pieces were composed and used to determine effects of various acoustic parameters on emotional responses in farm pigs. Video recordings (n = 50) of pigs in the nursery phase (7–9 week old) were gathered and emotional responses induced by stimuli were evaluated with Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA). Non-parametric statistical models (Generalized Additive Models, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and XGBoost) were applied and compared to evaluate relationships between acoustic parameters and pigs’ observed emotional responses. We concluded that musical structure affected emotional responses of pigs. The valence of modulated emotions depended on integrated and simultaneous interactions of various spectral and temporal structural components of music that can be readily modified. This new knowledge supports design of musical stimuli to be used as environmental enrichment for non-human animals.

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“…In humans, consistent emotional responses to music can be achieved through harmony, a structural property considered as "an emotional characteristic" 27 , 28 . Neuropsychological studies supported this hypothesis, associating this musical characteristic with specific brain activity in areas related to processing various emotions 29 . Harmony is defined as consonant or dissonant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Music modulates emotional responses in growing pigs

Cardona

Ceballos

Morales

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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There is a lack of clarity on whether pigs can emotionally respond to musical stimulation and whether that response is related to music structure. Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) was used to evaluate effects of 16 distinct musical pieces (in terms of harmonic structure) on emotional responses in nursery pigs (n = 30) during four periods: “habituation”, “treatments”, “breaks” and “final”. Data were evaluated using Principal component analysis (PCA). Two principal components (PC) were considered in the analysis: PC1, characterized as a positive emotions index, included the emotional responses content, playful, sociable, and happy, whereas PC2, characterized as a negative emotions index, included fearful, inquisitive, and uneasy with positive loadings, and relaxed and calm with negative loadings. Musical stimulation (treatment) increased (P < 0.01) both emotional indices, compared to other periods and this response was influenced by harmonic characteristics of the music. We concluded that pigs have a wide variety of emotional responses, with different affective states related to the music structure used, providing evidence of its potential use as environmental enrichment for this species.

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The musical brain

Cited by 17 publications

References 175 publications

Accounting for expressions of curiosity and enjoyment during music listening.

Accounting for expressions of curiosity and enjoyment during music listening.

Spectro-temporal acoustic elements of music interact in an integrated way to modulate emotional responses in pigs

Music modulates emotional responses in growing pigs

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