The Muscular Pulmonary Arteries in People Native to High Altitude

Physical adaptation of children to life at high altitude

“…However, in this environment the lower pO2 in the ambient air and in the alveoli induces generalized pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting in pulmonary hypertension. Consequently, more muscle remains present in the wall of small pulmonary arteries in high altitude children and the pressure in the pulmonary artery remains elevated into adulthood [2].…”

Zur Deutung perfusionsszintigraphischer Befunde bei malignen Lungentumoren

“…[44]; V ogel [45] u n d A rras-Stella m it Saldana [46] in te re ssa n te rw e is e an L u ngen m en sch lich er F e te n u n d H ö h e n b e w o h n e rn g e m a c h t u n d a u f eine chronische H y p o x ie bezogen.…”

Pulmonary Hypertension in Healthy Man Born and Living at High Altitudes

“…T h e p resen ce o f p u lm o n a ry h y p e rte n sio n in m an liv in g p e rm a n e n tly a t high a ltitu d e s agrees w ith th e electro card io g rap h ic, v e c to rc a rd io g ra p h ic a n d a n a to m ic e v id en ce o f rig h t v e n tric u la r h y p e r tr o p h y [1 2 -1 4 ], P hy sio lo g ic d a ta o b ta in e d in th is s tu d y in d ic a te th a t th e in c re a se in th e p u lm o n a ry p re ssu re s is re la te d to an in c re a se d p u lm o n a ry v a s c u la r re sista n c e , w h ich is ex p lain ed in th e lig h t o f th e s tr u c tu r a l ch an g es o b serv ed b y Arias-Stella and Saldaña [15] in th e sm all p u lm o n a ry a rte rie s a n d a rte rio le s. H y p erv o lem ia, p o ly c y th e m ia , h ig h b lo o d v isc o sity a n d a c e rta in degree o f a rte rio la r co n stric- tio n are p ro b a b ly se c o n d a ry fa c to rs c o n trib u tin g to p u lm o n a ry h y p e rte n sio n in th e h ig h a ltitu d e re sid e n t.…”

“…H em o d y n am ic fe a tu re s are also in c o n c o rd a n c e w ith th e a n a to m ic s tu d ie s o f Arias-Stella a n d co w o rk ers. R ig h t v e n tric u la r h y p e rtro p h y an d s tru c tu ra l chan g es of th e p u lm o n a ry a rte rie s a n d a rte rio le s, resem bling so m ew h at th e fe ta l p a t t e r n o f th e p u lm o n a ry b e d , a re o b serv ed d u rin g in fan cy a n d c h ild hood a t high a ltitu d e s [14,15]. T h ese findings are in c o n tra s t w ith th o se o c c u rrin g a t sea level, w h ere th e electrical an d a n a to m ic p re p o n d e ra n c e o f th e le ft v e n tric le a n d th e a d u lt p a tte r n of th e p u lm o n a ry v a s c u la tu re are re a c h e d b e tw e e n 3 an d 6 m o n th s o f life [12, 2 3 -2 7 ].…”