The Muscle Strength and Size Response to Upper Arm,unilateral Resistance Training Among Adults Who Are Overweight and Obese

Pescatello, Linda S.; Kelsey, Bethany K.; Price, Thomas B.; Seip, Richard L.; Angelopoulos, Theodore J.; Clarkson, Priscilla M.; Gordon, Paul M.; Moyna, Niall M.; Visich, Paul S.; Zoeller, Robert F.; Gordish‐Dressman, Heather; Bilbie, Stephen M.; Thompson, Paul D.; Hoffman, Eric P.

doi:10.1519/00124278-200705000-00004

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study we provide evidence that a multicomponent exercise training program in community‐dwelling frail, obese older adults has beneficial effects on both muscle protein metabolism and physical function. The exercise regimen in our study, which complied with the recommendations by the American College of Sports Medicine, and included strength and endurance components increased both endurance and muscle mass and strength in frail, obese older adults even though there is evidence that the resistant exercise‐induced increases in muscle mass and strength are blunted in obese compared with lean individuals (17,18); furthermore, concurrent strength and endurance training inhibits strength development when compared with strength training alone (14) and may negatively affect endurance adaptation compared with endurance exercise training alone (15,16). In addition, the exercise‐induced improvements in endurance and strength were accompanied by improvements in flexibility and factors that are associated with frailty in obese older adults (5) such as standing up from a chair, the ability to maintain balance while standing, and walking speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, it is thought that concurrent strength and endurance training inhibits strength development when compared with strength training alone (14) and may negatively affect endurance adaptation (15,16). In addition, there is some evidence that the resistant exercise‐induced increases in muscle mass and strength are blunted in young, obese compared with young, lean individuals (17,18). A multicomponent exercise program, as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine, may therefore not bring about the expected benefits in older, obese adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regular Multicomponent Exercise Increases Physical Fitness and Muscle Protein Anabolism in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Villareal

Smith

Sinacore

et al. 2011

Obesity

117

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aging is associated with a decline in strength, endurance, balance, and mobility. Obesity worsens the age‐related impairment in physical function and often leads to frailty. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends a multicomponent (strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance) exercise program to maintain physical fitness. However, the effect of such an exercise program on physical fitness in frail, obese older adults is not known. We therefore determined the effect of a 3‐month long multicomponent exercise training program, on endurance (peak aerobic capacity (VO2 peak)), muscle strength, muscle mass, and the rate of muscle protein synthesis (basal rate and anabolic response to feeding) in nine 65‐ to 80‐year‐old, moderately frail, obese older adults. After 3 months of training, fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) whereas fat‐free mass (FFM), appendicular lean body mass, strength, and VO2 peak increased (all P < 0.05). Regular strength and endurance exercise increased the mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) but had no effect on the feeding‐induced increase in muscle protein FSR (∼0.02%/h increase from basal values both before and after exercise training; effect of feeding: P = 0.02; effect of training: P = 0.047; no interaction: P = 0.84). We conclude that: (i) a multicomponent exercise training program has beneficial effects on muscle mass and physical function and should therefore be recommended to frail, obese older adults, and (ii) regular multicomponent exercise increases the basal rate of muscle protein synthesis without affecting the magnitude of the muscle protein anabolic response to feeding.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Multicomponent Exercise Increases Physical Fitness and Muscle Protein Anabolism in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Villareal

Smith

Sinacore

et al. 2011

Obesity

117

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Excess body mass of obese individuals increases the demand placed on the skeletal muscles during standing and locomotion, and this can lead to a beneficial training adaptation in some muscles (Hulens et al, 2001;Lafortuna et al, 2005). However, obesity does not always lead to changes in absolute force and power (Pescatello et al, 2007;Gadducci et al, 2017). Discrepancies between studies at least partly relate to the specific muscle examined, participant physical activity levels, age, and duration and magnitude of obesity (i.e.…”

Section: Effects Of Obesity On In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Function In Humentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of obesity on skeletal muscle contractile function

Tallis

James

Seebacher

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

149

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity can cause a decline in contractile function of skeletal muscle, thereby reducing mobility and promoting obesity-associated health risks. We reviewed the literature to establish the current state-of-knowledge of how obesity affects skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. At a cellular level, the dominant effects of obesity are disrupted calcium signalling and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. As a result, there is a shift from slow to fast muscle fibre types. Decreased AMPK activity promotes the class II histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated inhibition of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). MEF2 promotes slow fibre type expression, and its activity is stimulated by the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Obesity-induced attenuation of calcium signalling via its effects on calcineurin, as well as on adiponectin and actinin affects excitation-contraction coupling and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocyte. These molecular changes affect muscle contractile function and phenotype, and thereby and muscle performance. , obesity can increase the absolute force and power produced by increasing the demand on weight-supporting muscle. However, when normalised to body mass, muscle performance of obese individuals is reduced. Isolated muscle preparations show that obesity often leads to a decrease in force produced per muscle cross-sectional area, and power produced per muscle mass. Obesity and ageing have similar physiological consequences. The synergistic effects of obesity and ageing on muscle function may exacerbate morbidity and mortality. Important future research directions include determining: the relationship between time course of weight gain and changes in muscle function; the relative effects of weight gain and high-fat diet feeding per se; the effects of obesity on muscle function during ageing; and if the effects of obesity on muscle function are reversible.

show abstract

“…It has been suggested that excess stored fat may limit the magnitude of improvement after the resistance training. For example, young adults with higher BMI and greater subcutaneous adipose tissue surrounding the bicep exhibited an attenuated gain in bicep strength with resistance training, despite a similar relative increase in muscle size as in those who were normal weight or had less subcutaneous adipose tissue (Pescatello et al, 2007;Peterson et al, 2011). Nevertheless, the study by Nicklas et al (2015) identified that the addition of caloric restriction during resistance training improves mobility and does not compromise other functional adaptations to resistance training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper and Lower Body Muscle Power Increases After 3-Month Resistance Training in Overweight and Obese Men

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluates the effect of 3 months resistance and aerobic training on muscle strength and power in 17 male overweight and obese men. Subjects underwent either a resistance or aerobic training for a period of 3 months (three sessions per week). Peak isometric force, rate of force development, peak power and height of countermovement and squat jumps, reactive strength index, and mean power in the concentric phase of bench presses were all assessed prior to and after completing the training program. Results identified a significant increase of mean power during both countermovement bench presses at 30 kg (18.6%, p = .021), 40 kg (14.6%, p = .033), and 50 kg (13.1%, p = .042) and concentric-only bench presses at 30 kg (19.6%, p = .017) and 40 kg (13.9%, p = .037) after the resistance training. There was also a significant increase in the height of the jump (12.8%, p = .013), peak power (10.1%, p = .026), and peak velocity (9.7%, p = .037) during the countermovement jump and height of the jump (11.8%, p = .019), peak power (9.6%, p = .032), and peak velocity (9.5%, p = .040) during the squat jump. There were no significant changes in the reactive strength index, peak force, and the rate of force development after the resistance training. The aerobic group failed to show any significant improvements in these parameters. It may be concluded that 3 months of resistance training without caloric restriction enhances upper and lower body muscle power in overweight and obese men.

show abstract

The Muscle Strength and Size Response to Upper Arm,unilateral Resistance Training Among Adults Who Are Overweight and Obese

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Regular Multicomponent Exercise Increases Physical Fitness and Muscle Protein Anabolism in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Regular Multicomponent Exercise Increases Physical Fitness and Muscle Protein Anabolism in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

The effects of obesity on skeletal muscle contractile function

Upper and Lower Body Muscle Power Increases After 3-Month Resistance Training in Overweight and Obese Men

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About