“…By mass spectrometry, these peaks contained multiple antimicrobial polypeptides including lysozyme, lactoferrin, haptoglobin, calgranulin, and surfactant apoprotein D. Differential gel electrophoresis ( Figure E7) and isobaric stable isotope labeling ( Figure E8) also identified increased antimicrobial polypeptides in the treated samples, with overlap among techniques (Table 2). Some polypeptides are known to be expressed primarily by lung epithelial cells, such as chitinase-3-like-1 and surfactant protein D (29,30); others are expressed by leukocytes, such as lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (31); and some are expressed by both epithelial cells and leukocytes, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and calgranulin (24,32). Thus, augmented host protection and bacterial killing are associated with increased amounts of antimicrobial polypeptides in lung lining fluid.…”