The multilevel diagram

Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.

doi:10.1080/17457300.2012.734040

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Strain CT and EIT variables were measured more than once for each subject. Therefore, data contain natural clusters, the independence assumption cannot be applied to the observations, and intracluster correlation must be considered in the association between EIT data (Δ Z ) and CT data (Strain CT ) by EIT‐based models 35,36 . However, to obtain a reliable and feasible way to estimate the changes in Strain CT from EIT variables in clinical practice, we performed a traditional linear model, subtracting repeated measures, and subsequently, removing the clustered structure of data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of changes in cyclic lung strain by electrical impedance tomography: Proof‐of‐concept study

Cornejo

Iturrieta

Olegário

et al. 2020

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Rationale: Cyclic strain may be a determinant of ventilator-induced lung injury. The standard for strain assessment is the computed tomography (CT), which does not allow continuous monitoring and exposes to radiation. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is able to monitor changes in regional lung ventilation. In addition, there is a correlation between mechanical deformation of materials and detectable changes in its electrical impedance, making EIT a potential surrogate for cyclic lung strain measured by CT (Strain CT ).Objectives: To compare the global Strain CT with the change in electrical impedance (ΔZ).Methods: Acute respiratory distress syndrome patients under mechanical ventilation (V T 6 mL/kg ideal body weight with positive end-expiratory pressure 5 [PEEP 5] and best PEEP according to EIT) underwent whole-lung CT at end-inspiration and end-expiration. Biomechanical analysis was used to construct 3D maps and determine Strain CT at different levels of PEEP. CT and EIT acquisitions were performed simultaneously. Multilevel analysis was employed to determine the causal association between Strain CT and ΔZ. Linear regression models were used to predict the change in lung Strain CT between different PEEP levels based on the change in ΔZ.Main results: Strain CT was positively and independently associated with ΔZ at global level (P < .01). Furthermore, the change in Strain CT (between PEEP 5 and Best PEEP) was accurately predicted by the change in ΔZ (R 2 0.855, P < .001 at global level) with a high agreement between predicted and measured Strain CT . Conclusions:The change in electrical impedance may provide a noninvasive assessment of global cyclic strain, without radiation at bedside. | 229 CORNEJO Et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of changes in cyclic lung strain by electrical impedance tomography: Proof‐of‐concept study

Cornejo

Iturrieta

Olegário

et al. 2020

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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“…Our MM had four levels 15 (Table 1), 1) "Patient," the upper level, where genetic variables were assessed; 2) "Scheme" with eight possibilities, depending on the treatment; 3) "cycle" level and 4) "time" level, where the daily ANC and the administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) were measured. Moreover, we included two interactions: 1) G-CSF/time and 2) administration of G-CSF/hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>IL-6 −572C>G and CARD8 304T>A Genetic Polymorphisms are Associated with the Absolute Neutrophil Count in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Under Chemotherapy: An Application of Multilevel Models to a Preliminary Pharmacogenetic Study</p>

Martínez

Alveal

Soto

et al. 2020

PGPM

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Purpose: Neutropenia is a common event in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of a hematological malignancy. Some polymorphisms, as IL-6 −572C>G (rs1800796), IL-1β −31 G>A (rs1143627), and CARD8 304T>A (rs2043211), in genes related to the inflammatory process, could affect the level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) after chemotherapy. Since an efficient inflammatory process enhances neutrophil survival, we hypothesize that these polymorphisms are associated with ANC. Patients and Methods: We carried out a prospective cohort study in two hospitals in Santiago, Chile. The patients included were adults diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. We use a multilevel linear regression model to test our hypothesis. The best model was selected using the Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Results: We analyzed 1726 hemograms and ANCs from 172 hospitalizations from 32 patients. The results show that CC and CG genotypes of IL-6 −572 C>G polymorphism are associated with higher ANCs compared with the GG genotype (Ln (ANC) ~ 0.81 IC95% 0.02-1.55). Similarly, TT and AT genotypes of CARD8 304T>A polymorphism were related to higher ANCs compared with AA (Ln (ANC) ~ 0.95 IC95% 0.02-1.82). IL-1β genetic polymorphism had no statistically significant association with ANC. Conclusion: IL-6 rs1800796 −572C>G and CARD8 rs2043211 304T>A polymorphisms are associated with the absolute neutrophil count in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies. Our findings might be useful to improve the safety of chemotherapy through predictive ANC models.

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“…In a 2 or more level hierarchical clustered study, any research question using as dependent variable any lower level variable will require a multilevel analysis. The next step is to consider using the multilevel diagram [8] as presented in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Nature Of Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In hierarchical data structures with more than 2-levels (see multilevel diagram in Fig. 1), the VPC can be calculated for outcomes measured on units of each lowerlevel, with the numerator as the variation in outcome between units on all levels above [8]. For the example in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LEVEL (Logical Explanations & Visualizations of Estimates in Linear mixed models): recommendations for reporting multilevel data and analyses

Monsalves

Bangdiwala

Thabane

et al. 2020

BMC Med Res Methodol

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The multilevel diagram

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of changes in cyclic lung strain by electrical impedance tomography: Proof‐of‐concept study

Estimation of changes in cyclic lung strain by electrical impedance tomography: Proof‐of‐concept study

<p>IL-6 −572C>G and CARD8 304T>A Genetic Polymorphisms are Associated with the Absolute Neutrophil Count in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Under Chemotherapy: An Application of Multilevel Models to a Preliminary Pharmacogenetic Study</p>

LEVEL (Logical Explanations & Visualizations of Estimates in Linear mixed models): recommendations for reporting multilevel data and analyses

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