“…Genomic and proteomic studies have indicated differential expression of Bpifa1 in lung diseases, and multifaceted BPIFA1 has been established to possess both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects [ 59 ]. In an allergic airway inflammation model, mice lacking BPIFA1 displayed increased airway inflammation accompanied by increased eosinophil counts, augmented mucus production, airway hyperreactivity, and elevated T levels [ 60 ]. Previous research postulated that BPIFA1 does not only influence chemokine expression but also exerts a moderate chemotactic effect on macrophages and neutrophils [ 61 ].…”