The multifunctional role of ectoine as a natural cell protectant

Graf, Ruediger; Anzali, Soheila; Buenger, J.; Pfluecker, Frank; Driller, H.

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.01.002

Cited by 219 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Various studies have indicated that topical application of ectoin on human skin has beneficial effects. It has been shown that it protects the cellular membrane from the damage caused by surfactants (present in many cosmetic products) and reinforces the barrier function against water loss, improving skin resistance and preventing dehydration [27]. Like Marini et al [26] demonstrated that the application of a cream containing ectoin twice a day over a 28 day period to the damaged skin of patients with light to moderate AD reduced the seriousness of the condition and was very well tolerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new product specifically designed for use on atopic skin now exists. It is an emollient that combines lysate of Lactococcus Lactis (ProRenew Complex CLR TM ), which acts by promoting skin regeneration and barrier function recovery, and ectoin, a substance that prevents dehydration and reinforces the barrier function [26,27]. In addition, the product also contains other components with emollient properties already widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics and creams, including squalene, panthenol and shea butter [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability

Crespo¹

2017

PPIJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability

Crespo¹

2017

PPIJ

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“…In a study by Graf et al (12) ectoine-treated human erythrocytes were more resistant to membranedamaging sodium dodecyl sulphate detergent than untreated cells. Our recent study (32) has shown that ectoine has a potential to block pore-forming toxins, as the isolated bovine erythrocytes treated with ectoine turned out to be less sensitive to staphylococcal alpha-haemolysin.…”

Section: Cell Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectoine has widely been used in cosmetic anti-ageing and moisturising creams to improve skin resistance to surfactants in skin cleansing solutions (12). It is an effective long-term moisturiser that prevents dehydration of the epidermis, even superior to the well-known membrane stabiliser phosphatidylcholine.…”

Section: Skin Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoine as a promising protective agent in humans and animals

Bownik

Stępniewska

2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental conditions. This amino acid derivative can accumulate inside cells at high concentrations without interfering with natural processes and can protect the cell against radiation or osmotic stress. This brief review presents the current state of knowledge about the effects of ectoine on animals and focuses on its practical use for enzyme stabilisation, human skin protection, anti-inflammatory treatment, inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and other therapeutic potential in human or veterinary medicine.

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“…Later, it was found in many aerobic halophilic and halotolerant gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including Nocardiopsis, Brevibacterium, Marinococcus, Halomonas, Pseudomonas and Vibrio (Ventosa and Nieto, 1995;Galinski, 1995;Kempf and Bremer, 1998;Grant, 2004;Severin et al, 1992). Ectoine and its hydroxylated derivative, hydroxyectoine, are powerful multifunctional bioprotectants that defend against a variety of damaging factors such as heating, freezing, desiccation and UV radiation (Jebbar et al, 1992;Buenger and Driller, 2004;Graf et al, 2008). Both compounds are widely used in medicine and cosmetics as brought-range stabilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Ectoine Biosynthesis in Moderately Halophilic and Halotolerant Methylotrophic Bacteria

Khmelenina

Mustakhimov

Reshetnikov

et al. 2010

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:The cyclic imino acid ectoine is a widely distributed compatible solute synthesizing by halophilic and halotolerant bacteria to prevent osmotic stress at high external salinity. This water-keeping compound is used in a variety of commercial cosmetics and therapeutic products. Approach: Development of integrated, predictive functional model of the metabolic and regulatory netwoks of ectoine-producing microbes is an active area of research. In this article we present a brief overview of the current knowledge on genetic and biochemical aspects of ectoine biosynthesis in aerobic halophilic and halotolerant bacteria utilizing C 1 compounds (methylotrophs). Although enzymology and genetics of the ectoine biosynthesis in methylotrophs are similar to other halophilic bacteria, the regulatory patterns are different. In all methylotrophic bacteria studied, the genes coding for specific enzymes of ectoine biosynthesis: Diaminobutyric Acid (DABA) aminotransferase (EctB), DABA acetyltransferase (EctA) and ectoine synthase (EctC) are organized into ectABC or ectABC-ask, whith is linked to gene encoding Aspartokinase isozyme (Ask). Results: Remarkably, the methylotrophic bacteria possessing a four-gene cluster showed higher halotolerance and accumulated more ectoine than bacteria with a cluster composed of three genes. The DABA acetyltransferases from three methylotrophic species have been comparatively characterized. The properties of the enzymes correlate with eco-physiological and metabolic particularities of the host. Some elements of the regulatory system governing the ectoine pathway operation have been revealed in both methane and methanol utilizing bacteria. In Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum transcription of the ectABC-ask operon is initiated from two σ 70 -like promoters and controlled by the EctR, a MarR-type negative regulator. EctR orthologs were identified in genomes of several heterotrophic halophilic bacteria. Here we present genomic data indicating that similar regulatory system may occur in diverse halophilic and halotolerant bacteria. Conclusion: Currently available data suggest that in methylotrophic bacteria the ectoine biosynthesis pathways are evolutionary well conserved, particularly with respect to the genes and enzymes involved. However, some differences in the ect-gene cluster organization and regulation could be observed.

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The multifunctional role of ectoine as a natural cell protectant

Cited by 219 publications

References 22 publications

Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability

Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability

Ectoine as a promising protective agent in humans and animals

Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Ectoine Biosynthesis in Moderately Halophilic and Halotolerant Methylotrophic Bacteria

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