The multifaceted role of genetic polymorphisms in atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is one of the most investigated disorders among cardiovascular anomalies and its clinical manifestations are responsible for the deaths of over 17 million patients worldwide. Atheromatous plaques block the blood flux and bring about long-term serious consequences. Although the precise cause is still unknown, atherosclerosis onset is related to risk factors such as high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking, imbalanced diet, family history and genetic predisposition. The inherited risk of atherosclerosis is increased in families with multiple affected members. Therefore, family history of atherosclerosis account for genetic counseling and genetic testing. In the present review, we explore the influence of genetic polymorphism of target genes (eNOS, GSTM1, GSTT1 and TP53) and on atherosclerosis. Here we show the possible influence of genetic polymorphisms and atherosclerosis. Knowledge of genetic variants that increase susceptibility of atherosclerosis may launch more efficient methods of prevention, diagnostic, treatment, and genetic counseling in the important field of cardiology. Although discrepancies are seen, each target gene show promisor activity as atherosclerosis markers that could be used in diagnostic and treatment.