The Multifaceted Regulation of SnRK2 Kinases

Maszkowska, Justyna; Szymańska, Katarzyna; Kasztelan, Adrian; Krzywińska, Ewa; Sztatelman, Olga; Dobrowolska, Grażyna

doi:10.3390/cells10092180

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Moreover, we have found that SAPK7 can bind to CRP and phosphorylate it at S162 and S165 to promote CWMV infection in plant. Interestingly, SAPK7 is a member of the plant SnRK2 protein kinase family which are mostly involved in plant responses to abiotic environmental stresses [ 44 ]. Geminiviruses interact with multiple plant protein kinases, such as SnRK1, to modulate host signaling networks prompting viral infection [ 11 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylated viral protein evades plant immunity through interfering the function of RNA-binding protein

Feng

Liu

et al. 2022

PLoS Pathog

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Successful pathogen infection in plant depends on a proper interaction between the invading pathogen and its host. Post-translational modification (PTM) plays critical role(s) in plant-pathogen interaction. However, how PTM of viral protein regulates plant immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we found that S162 and S165 of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) cysteine-rich protein (CRP) are phosphorylated by SAPK7 and play key roles in CWMV infection. Furthermore, the phosphorylation-mimic mutant of CRP (CRPS162/165D) but not the non-phosphorylatable mutant of CRP (CRPS162/165A) interacts with RNA-binding protein UBP1-associated protein 2C (TaUBA2C). Silencing of TaUBA2C expression in wheat plants enhanced CWMV infection. In contrast, overexpression of TaUBA2C in wheat plants inhibited CWMV infection. TaUBA2C inhibits CWMV infection through recruiting the pre-mRNA of TaNPR1, TaPR1 and TaRBOHD to induce cell death and H2O2 production. This effect can be supressed by CRPS162/165D through changing TaUBA2C chromatin-bound status and attenuating it’s the RNA- or DNA-binding activities. Taken together, our findings provide new knowledge on how CRP phosphorylation affects CWMV infection as well as the arms race between virus and wheat plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylated viral protein evades plant immunity through interfering the function of RNA-binding protein

Feng

Liu

et al. 2022

PLoS Pathog

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“…SnRK2‐I, SnRK2‐II and SnRK2‐III modulate plant growth and abiotic stress responses, in particular, responses to drought‐ and salt‐triggered osmotic stress (Zhang et al ., 2011; Fujii & Zhu, 2012; Fujita et al ., 2013; Lin et al ., 2020). Compared to SnRK2‐II and SnRK2‐III, little is known about the function, substrates and regulatory mechanisms of SnRK2‐I in higher plants (Maszkowska et al ., 2021). SnRK2‐I is involved in responses to salt and osmotic stress by phosphorylating VARICOSE (VCS) and EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION (ERD); however, its response to ABA was unknown (Fujii et al ., 2011; Krzywińska et al ., 2016; Lin et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies should focus on identifying the SnRK2‐I substrates associated with fruit quality and clarifying the underlying role of SnRK2‐I in osmoregulation and ripening. This information could help to identify candidate genes/phosphorylation sites and thereby improve our understanding of the balance between stress responses and fruit quality (Zhang et al ., 2011; Lin et al ., 2020; Maszkowska et al ., 2021). FaSnRK2.6, a member of the SnRK2‐III family, is a negative regulator of strawberry fruit ripening and anthocyanin accumulation (Han et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SnRK2‐I is involved in responses to salt and osmotic stress by phosphorylating VARICOSE (VCS) and EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION (ERD); however, its response to ABA was unknown (Fujii et al ., 2011; Krzywińska et al ., 2016; Lin et al ., 2020). Additionally, it was unclear whether and how SnRK2‐I, SnRK2‐II, and SnRK2‐III are related to other plant hormones that function in osmoregulation (Maszkowska et al ., 2021). Osmotic stress promotes ETH biosynthesis, and ACOS are important genes in this response (Skirycz et al ., 2011; Zhang et al ., 2016; Dubois et al ., 2017, 2018; Savada et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SnRK2 subfamily I protein kinases regulate ethylene biosynthesis by phosphorylating HB transcription factors to induce ACO1 expression in apple

Jia

Wang

et al. 2022

New Phytologist

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Ethylene (ETH) controls climacteric fruit ripening and can be triggered by osmotic stress. However, the mechanism regulating ETH biosynthesis during fruit ripening and under osmotic stress is largely unknown in apple (Malus domestica).Here, we explored the roles of SnRK2 protein kinases in ETH biosynthesis related to fruit ripening and osmoregulation. We identified the substrates of MdSnRK2-I using phosphorylation analysis techniques. Finally, we identified the MdSnRK2-I-mediated signaling pathway for ETH biosynthesis related to fruit ripening and osmoregulation.The activity of two MdSnRK2-I members, MdSnRK2.4 and MdSnRK2.9, was significantly upregulated during ripening or following mannitol treatment. Overexpression of MdSnRK2-I increased ETH biosynthesis under normal and osmotic conditions in apple fruit. MdSnRK2-I phosphorylated the transcription factors MdHB1 and MdHB2 to enhance their protein stability and transcriptional activity on MdACO1. MdSnRK2-I also interacted with MdACS1 and increased its protein stability through two phosphorylation sites. The increased MdACO1 expression and MdACS1 protein stability resulted in higher ETH production in apple fruit. In addition, heterologous expression of MdSnRK2-I or manipulation of SlSnRK2-I expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit altered fruit ripening and ETH biosynthesis.We established that MdSnRK2-I functions in fruit ripening and osmoregulation, and identified the MdSnRK2-I-mediated signaling pathway controlling ETH biosynthesis.

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“…Generally, SnRK2s are plant-specific Ser/Thr protein kinases, either auto-phosphorylated or trans-phosphorylated by other kinases when ABA receptors specifically sequester PP2Cs, thereby facilitating SnRK2s activation. The active SnRK2s by their well-conserved kinase catalytic domain positively regulate downstream ABA-responsive genes via the phosphorylation of TFs, which include bZIP transcription factors like ABRE (ABA-responsive element)-binding (AREB) proteins or ABRE-binding factors (ABFs) [45][46][47]. SnRK2s mediated AREB/ABFs phosphorylation is a crucial ABA-dependent regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Physiological Perspectives of Abscisic Acid Mediated Drought Adjustment Strategies

Abhilasha

Choudhury

2021

Plants

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Drought is the most prevalent unfavorable condition that impairs plant growth and development by altering morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions, thereby impeding plant biomass production. To survive the adverse effects, water limiting condition triggers a sophisticated adjustment mechanism orchestrated mainly by hormones that directly protect plants via the stimulation of several signaling cascades. Predominantly, water deficit signals cause the increase in the level of endogenous ABA, which elicits signaling pathways involving transcription factors that enhance resistance mechanisms to combat drought-stimulated damage in plants. These responses mainly include stomatal closure, seed dormancy, cuticular wax deposition, leaf senescence, and alteration of the shoot and root growth. Unraveling how plants adjust to drought could provide valuable information, and a comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under water limiting conditions. This review deals with the past and recent updates of ABA-mediated molecular mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenges of drought stress.

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The Multifaceted Regulation of SnRK2 Kinases

Cited by 26 publications

References 143 publications

Phosphorylated viral protein evades plant immunity through interfering the function of RNA-binding protein

Phosphorylated viral protein evades plant immunity through interfering the function of RNA-binding protein

SnRK2 subfamily I protein kinases regulate ethylene biosynthesis by phosphorylating HB transcription factors to induce ACO1 expression in apple

Molecular and Physiological Perspectives of Abscisic Acid Mediated Drought Adjustment Strategies

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