The Multicultural Personality Inventory – Short Form: Development and Validation

Abstract

We report the development and validation of the Multicultural Personality Inventory -Short Form (MPI-SF). Results supported the correlated sevenfactor model with a sample of 333 college students. Scores from MPI-SF factors were internally consistent, temporally stable over a one-and twomonth period, and predicted variance in college adjustment consistent with multicultural personality theory.

Item Response Analysis, Invariance, and Validation of the Multicultural Personality Inventory

“…This hypothesis was not supported, as the factors of the MPI did not meet the unidimensional assumption of the graded response model. Instead, we found evidence of a more complex, multidimensional factor structure than had previously been reported in the initial psychometric development studies of the MPI-70 and MPI-42 (Fietzer et al, 2019), or in Korol et al (2018). Rather than a correlated traits factor model or bifactor model (Reise et al 2010), it appears that the factor structure of the MPI is what might best be described as a dual bifactor model.…”

“…A sample item for each subscale is: (1) RID: “I feel a deep sense of pride in being part of my ethnic group(s)”; (2) SJA: “I have verbally confronted a close family member or friend who has made homophobic comments or who has shared an anti-gay or lesbian joke”; (3) PH: “I am a very emotionally stable person”; (4) CS: “I believe living things are interconnected with non-living earthly matter (e.g., wind, land, sun, and sky) in some spiritual sense”; (5) HUM: “I believe I have a pretty good sense of humor”; (6) OGC: “I have very close friends who are gay or lesbian”; and (7) CDF: “Most of my close friends are from my own racial group” (reverse-scored). Prior studies found coefficient alphas ranged from .68 to .90 (Fietzer et al, 2016, 2018, 2019; Ponterotto et al, 2014); one-month test–retest coefficients ranged from .67 to .91 and two-month test–retest coefficients ranged from .72 to .90 (Fietzer et al, 2019).…”

“…The hygiology model is based on an integration of theory and research common to counseling psychology, including models of racial and ethnic identity development, the tolerant personality, the universal-diverse orientation, gay and lesbian identity models, and indigenous psychology and spirituality (see Ponterotto, 2010 for details). This theoretical model has been operationalized by the Multicultural Personality Inventory (MPI, 70 items; Ponterotto et al, 2014) and its short form (MPI-SF, 42 items; Fietzer et al, 2019), which have identified seven factors that can be used as subscales: Racial and Ethnic Identity Development (RID), Social Justice Activism (SJA), Psychological Health (PH), Connectedness and Spirituality (CS), Humor (HUM), Opposite Gender and Sexual Orientation Connection (OGC), and Culturally Diverse Friendships (CDF). The MPI is associated with cultural adaptation and altruistic behavior (Fietzer et al, 2016; Fietzer et al, 2019; Ponterotto et al, 2014), authentic living (Reynolds et al, 2019), counselor cultural competence (Fietzer et al, 2018), and pro-social attitudes (Korol et al, 2018) beyond broad measures of personality such as the Big Five.…”

“…This theoretical model has been operationalized by the Multicultural Personality Inventory (MPI, 70 items; Ponterotto et al, 2014) and its short form (MPI-SF, 42 items; Fietzer et al, 2019), which have identified seven factors that can be used as subscales: Racial and Ethnic Identity Development (RID), Social Justice Activism (SJA), Psychological Health (PH), Connectedness and Spirituality (CS), Humor (HUM), Opposite Gender and Sexual Orientation Connection (OGC), and Culturally Diverse Friendships (CDF). The MPI is associated with cultural adaptation and altruistic behavior (Fietzer et al, 2016; Fietzer et al, 2019; Ponterotto et al, 2014), authentic living (Reynolds et al, 2019), counselor cultural competence (Fietzer et al, 2018), and pro-social attitudes (Korol et al, 2018) beyond broad measures of personality such as the Big Five. Further, there is evidence of discriminant validity of the MPI (with the exception of the Psychological Health subscale) with social desirability (Ponterotto et al, 2014).…”

The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (SF-40): Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version

“…The authors developed the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) [ 16 ] with the aim of focusing on those factors that contribute to an individual’s success in a culturally diverse environment, on intercultural effectiveness and adaptation [ 16 , 21 ]. There are numerous scales to measure similar aspects of an individuals’ attitude to or level of multiculturalism, such as the Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire (MASQUE) [ 22 ], whose psychometric properties are discussed below; the Multicultural Personality Inventory (MPI) [ 23 ], which is a long instrument of 70 items that risks respondent fatigue; the Multicultural Personality Inventory short form (MPI-SF) [ 24 ], in which the validation study results should be considered as preliminary until multiple replications can be completed.…”