The multicentre south European study 'Helios'. II: Different sun exposure patterns in the aetiology of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin

Rosso, Stefano; Zanetti, Roberto; Martínez, Carmen; Tormo, María José; Schraub, S; Sancho‐Garnier, H.; Franceschi, Silvia; Gafà, Lorenzo; Perea, Evelio J.; Navarro, Cláudia Maria; Laurent, R.; Schrameck, C; Talamini, Renato; Tumino, Rosario; Wechsler, Janine

doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.275

Cited by 370 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…It is also coherent with the fact that LC is rare on the upper lip (de Visser and van der Waal, 1998). The results of the European study Helios (a multicentre case -control study on skin cancer) suggest a differential behaviour of accumulated sun during leisure and work time, depending on the type of skin cancer (leisure exposure for BCC and work exposure for SCC), similar to the findings for melanoma (Armstrong, 1988;Kricker et al, 1995;Rosso et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Lifestyles, environmental and phenotypic factors associated with lip cancer: a case–control study in southern Spain

et al. 2003

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The aim of this study was to identify factors related to lip cancer (LC) considering individual characteristics and sociodemographic factors. A case -control study was carried out in the province of Granada (Andalusia, southern Spain). The cases were 105 males with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lip, diagnosed between 1987 and 1989 (aged 20 -70 years) and identified by means of a populationbased Cancer Registry. As controls, a randomised populational sample of 239 males, stratified by age, was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors are lifetime cumulative tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. An interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the smoking habit (leaving the cigarette on the lip): OR ¼ 23.6; 95% CI: 3.9 -142.0. Other risk factors identified are clear eyes (OR ¼ 3.5; CI: 95% 1.5 -8.0), sun exposure early in life and cumulative sun exposure during outdoor work (OR ¼ 11.9; 95%: CI: 1.3 -108.9), and skin reaction to sun exposure (Fitzpatrick levels). Another interaction was found between skin reaction and a previous history of common sporadic warts (OR ¼ 4.4; 95% CI: 1.01 -19.1). We conclude that LC is related to phenotype, skin reaction to sun exposure, cumulative and early sunlight exposure, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as a low educational level. Leaving the cigarette on the lip is predictive of LC risk irrespective of cumulative tobacco consumption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Lifestyles, environmental and phenotypic factors associated with lip cancer: a case–control study in southern Spain

et al. 2003

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“…Genotoxic damages induced by UV-B radiation (290 -315 nm wavelength) [5][6][7] is linked to the history of multiple sun burns in early ages and intensive intermittent sunlight exposure 8,9 . The incidence of BCC is non-linearly correlated to the total UV exposure with peak at approximately two fold at 10,000-35,000 hours total sun exposure and remaining stable rates with additional exposure 10,11 .…”

Section: Aetiological Risk Factors and Pathobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal cell carcinoma: a paradigm for targeted therapies

Dreier

Felderer

Barysch

et al. 2013

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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INTRODUCTION: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cancer with increasing incidence over the last decades. Standard of care is surgical excision, upon which complete tumour clearance is achieved in most cases. However, a small subgroup of patients will have remnants of disease post-excision and require further treatment options. Over 90% of all BCCs carry a mutation in PTCH 1 or SMO, two conducting proteins of the Hedgehog pathway (Hh). Therefore, inhibition of the Hh pathway is a promising option for systemic first-line therapy. Vismodegib was the first developed of these small molecules, which was approved by the FDA in January 2012. AREAS COVERED: The authors review current treatment modalities for BCC and discuss current developments in pharmacological therapy. The current literature including meta-analyses, the Cochrane database and registered as well as completed randomized controlled trials. EXPERT OPINION: Hh inhibitors are a new promising treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic BCC. Phase I and II clinical trials with the Hh inhibitor, vismodegib, showed a significant reduction in tumour size and appearance of new tumours with relatively good tolerability. Nevertheless, further investigation on new molecules and the effectiveness of an intermittent dosing regimen is necessary.

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“…Chronic exposure, including from sunbeds, 16 is mainly implicated, 17 with acute exposure thought to be less important. 18 Human papillomavirus is a suspected risk factor 19 although the evidence is not as strong as for other sites such as the cervix and oropharynx. Increased age, male gender and Caucasian ethnicity are associated with increased risk, as are irradiation and exposure to chemicals such as arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Squamous Cell Carcinoma Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%