“…Thus, recent studies have shown that experience (Padmanabhan & Cho, 1999), at the company-level, and bilateral psychic distance (Clavel San Emeterio et al, 2018;Håkanson et al, 2016;Nordman & Tolstoy, 2014;Yildiz & Fey, 2016), at the country one, are particularly important for the majority of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Furthermore, international business scholars have called for further attention to the multi-dimensional nature of these constructs, warning against the classic and somewhat simplistic perspective taken in many studies in which a single dimension is analyzed and supposed to capture the full effect (Dow & Karunaratna, 2006;Jiménez et al, 2018;Berry, Guillén & Zhou, 2010;Pankaj, 2001;Puthusserry, Child & Rodrigues, 2014). Thus, in the early studies on international trade and investment, distance between countries (home and host) was uniquely conceptualized in terms of geography, building on the so-called "gravity model" (Tinbergen & Hekscher, 1962;Kleinert & Toubal, 2010).…”