The Multi‐Biological Targeted Role of Dehydrozingerone and its Analogues

Abstract

Curcumin (Cur) has shown its potential in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments. As a result, several investigations on curcumin have been conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Regrettably, researchers have largely lost interest in this excellent scaffold due to its chemical instability, poor solubility, and rapid metabolism, which directly affect its pharmacological properties. Alternatively, the researchers are working on it to improve the solubility and biological half-life, it is one of the most researched natural phytochemical to date. Among these, Dehydrozingerone (DZG), a curcumin half structure has garnered considerable research interest due to a wide spectrum of its biological activities. Thus, this study offers insight into the pharmacological activity of modified DZG conjugates (incorporate multiple effective modifications to the various positions), which have been developed since 2016. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of DZG hybrids was illustrated for their specific pharmacological properties. This review presents an update for the scientific community, which could assist in addressing the gaps, challenges and pharmacological aspects of DZG.

Molecular Oxygen‐Induced Transamidation of Unactivated Amides in Diethyl Carbonate in the Presence of a Palladium Catalyst

“…Different alternatives have been designed to avoid these problems associated to the adoption of unactivated amides as acylating agents. Stoichiometric amounts of AlCl 3 , [13] N , N ‐carbonyldiimidazole, [14] boric acid, [12d] potassium tert‐butoxide, [15] borate esters, [16] and LiHMDS [12f] can promote the reaction, and in addition to biocatalytic transamidations in the presence of enzymes, [17] several procedures involving an in‐situ activation of the starting amide, [18] those based on ionic liquid catalysts [19] and even a catalyst‐free procedure [20] have been reported. Moreover, the use of catalytic amounts (5–50 mol%) of bisacetoxyiodobenzene, [21] povidone iodine, [22] hydroxylamine hydrochloride, [23] benzoic acid, [24] L‐proline,, [25] chitosan, [26] benzotriazole, [27] SiO 2 −H 2 SO 4 and strongly acidic mesoporous silica, [28] H‐β‐zeolite [29] and alumina, [30] inter alia , [31] have been also described in the field of transition metal‐free catalysis.…”