The mucosa of the male genital tract; part of the common mucosal secretory immune system?

Fritz, Franz Joachim; Westermann, Jürgen; Pabst, Reinhard

doi:10.1002/eji.1830190310

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…No preferential migration of mesenteric lymph node blasts to the genital tract mucosa could be demonstrated for male rats [23], and the same seems to apply to the female genital tract [58]. In humans, oral immunisation was not an efficient way to elicit genital antibody responses, whereas rectal or nasal immunisation was more promising [82].…”

Section: Uterusmentioning

confidence: 88%

Lymphocyte migration studies

Bimczok

Rothkötter

2006

Vet. Res.

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-For maintenance of immunity and tolerance, the organs and tissues of the organism are connected by migrating lymphoid cells. Understanding lymphocyte migration is essential for many disorders and diseases -especially in the mucosa-lined organs. Detailed analyses of migrating lymphocytes have been performed in many species, especially in laboratory animals. However, important experiments in lymphocyte migration have been carried out in large animals, for example sheep, cattle and pigs. These species allow experimental procedures like in situ-organ labelling, lymphocyte retransfusion studies or lymph vessel cannulations. Such studies have made an important contribution to the understanding of the overall principles of lymphocyte migration especially in the mucosal immune system. Major results on the specific migration of naïve and memory T cells through lymphoid organs, the re-distribution of γ/δ T cells in the intestinal immune system and the emigration of newly produced B cells from the ileal Peyer's patches have been obtained in large animals. Since there are growing numbers of markers for large animals, and molecular biology methods are available in these species, experiments in large animals will be an essential tool for the understanding of lymphocyte migration especially in mucosal organs.

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Section: Uterusmentioning

confidence: 88%

Lymphocyte migration studies

Bimczok

Rothkötter

2006

Vet. Res.

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“…Mesenteric lymph nodes and both femora were removed and cell suspensions were prepared as described. 19 The volume and the total number of leukocytes (Coulter Counter, Luton, United Kingdom) were determined for the different cell suspensions. The B-cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACScan, Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA) as described below.…”

Section: Collection Of Lymphocytes From Blood Lymph Nodes and Bone mentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenectomy of rats selectively reduces lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on B-cell subsets in blood and lymph nodes

Milićević

Luettig

Wüstefeld

et al. 2001

Blood

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IntroductionAntigens circulating in the blood are retained in the spleen and presented to a huge number of B and T cells migrating through its different compartments. 1,2 On removal of the spleen the incidence of severe infections increases both in children and adults, 3,4 and there are changes in many immunologic parameters. 5 One lasting change is a high increase in the number of B lymphocytes in the blood, an effect that is constantly observed both in humans 6 and in experimental animals, 7,8 and that comparably affects the 2 compartments of the blood, the peripheral and the marginal pools. 9 Because it is not known whether all or only certain blood B-cell subsets increase in number after the loss of the spleen, the numbers of naïve (IgD ϩ IgM ϩ ), memory (IgD Ϫ IgM high ), newly formed (NF; IgM high CD90 high ), early recirculating follicular (ERF; IgM low CD90 high ), recirculating follicular (RF; IgM low CD90 Ϫ ), and marginal zone (MZ; IgM high CD90 Ϫ ) phenotype B cells 10 were determined in blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of control and splenectomized animals. In principle, the splenectomy-induced increase in blood B-cell numbers could be due to an altered migration pattern or to increased proliferation of B cells caused, for example, by a latent infection.Because migration and proliferation of B cells are regulated by surface molecules, our hypothesis was that their expression might be altered by splenectomy. Therefore, the expression of molecules involved in initial adhesion of lymphocytes to the endothelium, in transmigration through the endothelium and the tissue, and in B-cell activation within the tissue was analyzed in all B-cell subsets in blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow (␣ 4 -integrins, CD44, L-selectin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen1 [11][12][13][14] ). The functional consequences of possible changes in surface molecule expression were tested in vitro by adhesion assays and in vivo by following the traffic of labeled B cells from blood to thoracic duct lymph. In addition, the number of proliferating B cells was determined in the bone marrow, in the B-cell area of lymph nodes, and in the blood.Our data show that loss of the spleen leads to a decrease in LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression of B cells but not T cells in blood and lymph nodes. This accelerates the migration of B cells through lymph nodes and results in higher numbers of B cells in the thoracic duct lymph and, subsequently, in the blood. Materials and methods AnimalsNormal rats (LEW/Ztm), rats with high numbers of B cells (BH.1L/Won 15 ), and rats lacking T cells (LEW/Ztm-rnu 16 ) were obtained from the Central Animal Facility at the Medical School of Hannover and were barriermaintained in a room with controlled environment (22 Ϯ 2°C, 55% Ϯ 5% relative humidity, 12-hour light/dark cycle). SplenectomySplenectomy was performed as described previously. 3,7 The animals were kept under barrier-maintained conditions for 3 months before analysis to allow recovery from the operation and adjustment to the asplenic situation. Sh...

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“…Because the immune system of the urogenital tract displays features of both the common mucosal immune system and systemic immune compartment (30,31), in this study we evaluated the levels of naturally occurring Abs to microbial Ags, and compared the mucosal and parenteral immunization routes using various types of Ags that resulted in the induction of humoral responses in semen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Male Genital Tract Secretions: Both Mucosal and Systemic Immune Compartments Contribute to the Humoral Immunity

Moldoveanu

Huang

Kulhavy

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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In contrast to numerous studies of female genital tract secretions, the molecular properties of Abs and the magnitude of humoral responses in human male genital tract secretions to naturally occurring Ags and to mucosal and systemic immunizations have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, seminal plasma (SP) collected from healthy individuals was analyzed with respect to Ig levels, their isotypes, molecular forms of IgA, and for the presence of Abs to naturally occurring Ags, or induced by systemic or mucosal immunizations with viral and bacterial vaccines. The results indicated that in SP, IgG and not IgA, is the dominant Ig isotype, and that IgM is present at low levels. IgA is represented by secretory IgA, polymeric IgA, and monomeric IgA. In contrast to the female genital tract secretions in which IgA2 occurs in slight excess, the distribution of IgA subclasses in SP resembles that in plasma with a pronounced preponderance of IgA1. The IgG subclass profiles in SP are also similar to those in serum. Thus, SP is an external secretion that shares common features with both typical external secretions and plasma. Specifically, SP contains naturally occurring secretory IgA Abs to environmental Ags of microbial origin and to an orally administered bacterial vaccine, and plasma-derived IgG Abs to systemically injected vaccines. Therefore, both mucosal and systemic immunization with various types of Ags can induce humoral responses in SP. These findings should be considered in immunization strategies to induce humoral responses against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1.

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The mucosa of the male genital tract; part of the common mucosal secretory immune system?

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Lymphocyte migration studies

Lymphocyte migration studies

Splenectomy of rats selectively reduces lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on B-cell subsets in blood and lymph nodes

Human Male Genital Tract Secretions: Both Mucosal and Systemic Immune Compartments Contribute to the Humoral Immunity

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