The MTsR-F2 fountain-type cesium frequency standard

Domnin, Yu. S.; Baryshev, V. N.; Boyko, A. I.; Elkin, G. A.; Novoselov, A. V.; Kopylov, L. N.; Kupalov, D. S.

doi:10.1007/s11018-012-0102-0

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The frequency transfer uncertainty in this value can be calculated from Eq. [70][71][72][73][74], and a single Rb fountain (SYRTE FORb) [32], with between five and eight of these being present in any given month. The SYRTE and PTB Cs fountains were present most often and have the most weight.…”

Section: Appendix B: Frequency Connection To Psfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the optical second: verifying optical clocks at the SI limit

McGrew

Zhang

Leopardi

et al. 2019

Optica

115

110

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The pursuit of ever more precise measures of time and frequency is likely to lead to the eventual redefinition of the second in terms of an optical atomic transition. To ensure continuity with the current definition, based on a microwave transition between hyperfine levels in ground-state 133 Cs, it is necessary to measure the absolute frequency of candidate standards, which is done by comparing against a primary cesium reference. A key verification of this process can be achieved by performing a loop closure-comparing frequency ratios derived from absolute frequency measurements against ratios determined from direct optical comparisons. We measure the 1 S 0 → 3 P 0 transition of 171 Yb by comparing the clock frequency to an international frequency standard with the aid of a maser ensemble serving as a flywheel oscillator. Our measurements consist of 79 separate runs spanning eight months, and we determine the absolute frequency to be 518 295 836 590 863.71(11) Hz, the uncertainty of which is equivalent to a fractional frequency of 2.1 × 10 −16 .This absolute frequency measurement, the most accurate reported for any transition, allows us to close the Cs-Yb-Sr-Cs frequency measurement loop at an uncertainty of <3×10 −16 , limited by the current realization of the SI second. We use these measurements to tighten the constraints on variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio, µ = m e /m p . Incorporating our measurements with the entire record of Yb and Sr absolute frequency measurements, we infer a coupling coefficient to gravitational potential of k µ = (−1.9 ± 9.4) × 10 −7 and a drift with respect to time oḟ µ µ = (5.3 ± 6.5) × 10 −17 /yr. arXiv:1811.05885v1 [physics.atom-ph]

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Section: Appendix B: Frequency Connection To Psfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the optical second: verifying optical clocks at the SI limit

McGrew

Zhang

Leopardi

et al. 2019

Optica

115

110

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“…Currently, realization of the SI second is made with primary frequency standards (PFSs) based on laser-cooled caesium (Cs) fountains operating in the pulsed cyclic mode [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The continuous Cs fountain FoCS-2 employs an alternative operating mode by using a continuous flux of cold atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First uncertainty evaluation of the FoCS-2 primary frequency standard

et al. 2018

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We report the uncertainty evaluation of the Swiss continuous primary frequency standard FoCS-2 (Fontaine Continue Suisse). Unlike other primary frequency standards which are working with clouds of cold atoms, this fountain uses a continuous beam of cold caesium atoms bringing a series of metrological advantages and specific techniques for the evaluation of the uncertainty budget. Recent improvements of FoCS-2 have made possible the evaluation of the frequency shifts and of their uncertainties in the order of 1 × 10 −15. When operating in an optimal regime a relative frequency instability of 8 × 10 −14 (τ /s) −1/2 is obtained. The relative standard uncertainty reported in this article, 1.99 × 10 −15 , is strongly dominated by the statistics of the frequency measurements.

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“…The following technical means were introduced to equip the standards base of the GSVCh: 1) means for reproducing the units of time and frequency -fountain-type metrological cesium frequency standards (MTsR Fontan) using laser cooling of atoms [6] with an unexcluded systematic error in the reproduction of the units of time and frequency of no more than 5.0·10 -16 ;…”

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confidence: 99%

Current Status and Prospects for the Development of the Standards Base of the National Service for Time, Frequency, and the Determination of the Parameters of the Earth’s Rotation

et al. 2015

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secondary standards of the GSVCh are presented. Areas for further development and improvement of the standards are discussed. Keywords: standards base, National service for time, frequency, and determination of the parameters of the Earth's rotation, primary and secondary standards.Data on the national time scale of the Russian Federation UTC(SU) are widely used in all spheres of government activity and ensure highly precise synchronization of many technical systems used in astronautics, navigation, communication, and transport, as well as in banking, customs and logistical operations, and also in national defense and security. Information on the exact time, calendar date, and the earth's rotation parameters distributed by the National Service for Time, Frequency, and Determination of the Parameters of the Earth's Rotation (GSVCh) is essential for users in the Russian Federation.The GSVCh is managed by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart), and the activity of the Service is regulated by the Decree on the National Service for Time, Frequency, and Determination of the Parameters of the Earth's Rotation [1]. The GSVCh carries out its scientific-technical and metrological activities using various technical means and systems. One of these basic technical systems is its standards base. The standards for the units of time and frequency are supplied by the Main Metrological Center (GMTs), Metrological Control Points (PMK), and the means for transfer of standard time and frequency signals (ESChV).The standards base of the GSVCh is intended to ensure the uniformity of measurements of time and frequency in the country and to meet domestic demand for information on exact time, standard frequencies, and the UTC(SU) scale. The foundation of the standards base of the GSVCh is the National Primary Standard for the Units of Time, Frequency, and the National Time Scale GET 1-2012 and the Rosstandart secondary standards for the units of time and frequency. The standards base also includes the standards for the units of time and frequency of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other federal executive agencies. The scientific, methodological, and operational work for ensuring continuous functioning and development of the equipment in the standards base is carried out by the main metrological center (GMTs) of GSVCh, which calculates UTC(SU) on the basis of GET 1-2012. The information published by the GMTs is official and generally available to all users.

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The MTsR-F2 fountain-type cesium frequency standard

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Towards the optical second: verifying optical clocks at the SI limit

Towards the optical second: verifying optical clocks at the SI limit

First uncertainty evaluation of the FoCS-2 primary frequency standard

Current Status and Prospects for the Development of the Standards Base of the National Service for Time, Frequency, and the Determination of the Parameters of the Earth’s Rotation

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