“…It is further estimated that approximately 140 mRNA vaccines are currently being developed, 76% in the preclinical stage and 24% in the clinical stage (Chaudhary et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2022). The latter include vaccines against infectious diseases (Zika virus,chikungunya,malaria,influenza A and B,Ebola,rabies,cytomegalovirus,HIV,respiratory syncytial virus, and various types of cancer (breast, ovarian, colorectal, cervical, lung, liver, pancreas, prostate, solid tumors, melanoma and gastrointestinal neoplasm).…”