The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean

Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Sullivan-Stack, Jenna; Roberts, Callum M.; Constant, Vanessa; Costa, Bárbara Horta e; Pike, Elizabeth P.; Kingston, Naomi; Laffoley, Dan; Sala, Enric; Claudet, Joachim; Friedlander, Alan M.; Gill, David; Lester, Sarah E.; Day, Jon C.; Gonçalves, Emanuel João; Ahmadia, Gabby N.; Rand, Matt S.; Villagomez, Angelo; Ban, Natalie C.; Gurney, Georgina G.; Spalding, Ana K.; Bennett, Nathan; Briggs, Johnny; Morgan, Lance E.; Moffitt, Robert B.; Deguignet, Marine; Pikitch, Ellen K.; Darling, Emily S.; Jessen, Sabine; Hameed, Sarah O.; Carlo, G. Di; Guidetti, Paolo; Harris, Jean M.; Torre, Jorge; Kızılkaya, Zafer; Agardy, Tundi; Cury, Philippe; Shah, Nirmal; Sack, Karen; Cao, Ling; Fernández, Miriam; Lubchenco, Jane

doi:10.1126/science.abf0861

Cited by 205 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…A new marine ecological research policy is needed to address biodiversity problems, as they are becoming increasingly urgent. The MPAs can play a primary role in this field [226,227].…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity Monitoring in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: Scientific and Methodological Challenges

et al. 2022

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Biodiversity is a portmanteau word to indicate the variety of life at all levels from genes to ecosystems, but it is often simplistically equated to species richness; the word ecodiversity has thus been coined to address habitat variety. Biodiversity represents the core of the natural capital, and as such needs to be quantified and followed over time. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a major tool for biodiversity conservation at sea. Monitoring of both species and habitat diversity in MPAs is therefore mandatory and must include both inventory and periodic surveillance activities. In the case of inventories, the ideal would be to census all species and all habitats, but while the latter goal can be within reach, the former seems unattainable. Species inventory should be commeasured to investigation effort, while habitat inventory should be based on mapping. Both inventories may profit from suitability spatial modelling. Periodic surveillance actions should privilege conspicuous species and priority habitats. Efficient descriptor taxa and ecological indices are recommended to evaluate environmental status. While it seems obvious that surveillance activities should be carried out with regular recurrence, diachronic inventories and mapping are rarely carried out. Time series are of prime importance to detect marine ecosystem change even in the absence of direct human impacts.

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“…A new marine ecological research policy is needed to address biodiversity problems, as they are becoming increasingly urgent. The MPAs can play a primary role in this field [226,227].…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity Monitoring in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: Scientific and Methodological Challenges

et al. 2022

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“…To avoid creating ‘islands of hope in a sea of despair’, there is an urgent need for the delivery of effective management of activities across the whole ocean outside of MPAs to achieve true sustainability. There is broad consensus in the scientific community (Grorud‐Colvert et al, 2021) and a growing political understanding (The Blue Leaders, 2021) that by 2030 at least 30% of the global ocean should be within fully or highly protected areas, with the remaining 70% sustainably managed, and with an ambition to achieve 50% overall protection in the following decades.…”

Section: Why It Is Critical To Fully Recognize the Key Role That The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…whole ocean outside of MPAs to achieve true sustainability. There is broad consensus in the scientific community(Grorud-Colvert et al, 2021) and a growing political understanding (The BlueLeaders, 2021) that by 2030 at least 30% of the global ocean should be within fully or highly protected areas, with the remaining 70% sustainably managed, and with an ambition to achieve 50% overall protection in the following decades.The carbon cycle links biodiversity and climate. Blue carbon coastal wetlands (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The forgotten ocean: Why COP26 must call for vastly greater ambition and urgency to address ocean change

Laffoley

Baxter

Amon

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Of all the interconnected threats facing the planet, the top two are the climate and the biodiversity crises. Neither problem will be solved if we ignore the ocean. To turn the tide in favour of humanity and a habitable planet, we need to recognize and better value the fundamental role that the ocean plays in the earth system, and prioritize the urgent action needed to heal and protect the ocean at the 'Earthscape' levelthe planetary scale at which processes to support life operate.2. The countries gathering at COP26 have unparalleled political capacity and leadership to make this happen. COP26 could be the turning point, but there must be commitment to united action for the ocean, as well as planning to meet those commitments, based on science-led solutions that address the interconnectivity of the ocean, climate, and biodiversity.

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“…Marine protected areas (MPAs) have received global attention for the potential to preserve, restore, and enhance resilience of marine ecosystems around the world (Sumaila, 1998;O'Leary et al, 2018;Grorud-Colvert et al, 2021). International environmental initiatives, including the Convention for Biological Diversity and UN Sustainable Development Goals, have included specific provisions for marine protection, including seeking to protect 10% of the ocean by 2020, and potentially 30% by 2030 (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Tool to Evaluate, Improve, and Sustain Marine Protected Area Financing Built on a Comprehensive Review of Finance Sources and Instruments

et al. 2022

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) require sustained funding to provide sustained marine protection. Up until now government budgets, multi- and bi-lateral aid, and philanthropic grants have been commonly relied upon to finance the management and enforcement of MPAs. But new funding mechanisms, such as impact investments or blue carbon, are increasingly applied and developed. Here, we present a semi-structured review that identifies 11 or more sources of finance, 21 financial instruments and more than 75 potential combinations thereof that show the current diversity of financial mechanisms available to support MPA establishment and operations. Based on the review, we developed nearly 100 indicators reflecting environmental, governmental, socioeconomic, and management characteristics that can inform the appropriateness, and corresponding strengths and weaknesses, of applying these financial mechanisms to any given MPA. The outputs provide a series of recommendations for implementing new funding mechanisms and ways to improve the sustainability of in-place mechanisms. The findings were compiled into a replicable framework and excel tool that was pilot tested in May 2021 for Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad in Colombia that identified potential ways to improve upon financial mechanisms, including, hiring a full-time manager and potential alternative mechanisms like biodiversity offsets from fossil fuel exploration and exploitation, among several others. The research also identified barriers for implementing financial mechanisms that reflect broader systemic challenges for MPA finance worldwide.

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The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean

Cited by 205 publications

References 187 publications

Biodiversity Monitoring in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: Scientific and Methodological Challenges

Biodiversity Monitoring in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: Scientific and Methodological Challenges

The forgotten ocean: Why COP26 must call for vastly greater ambition and urgency to address ocean change

A New Tool to Evaluate, Improve, and Sustain Marine Protected Area Financing Built on a Comprehensive Review of Finance Sources and Instruments

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