The movement of potato virus Y (PVY) in the vascular system of potato plants

Abstract

Potato virus Y (PVY) is responsible for major viral diseases in most potato seed areas. It is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner, and it is spread in potato fields by the winged aphids flying from an infected source plant to a healthy one. Six different PVY strains groups affect potato crops: PVY C , PVY N , PVY O , PVY N:O , PVY NTN , and PVY N-Wi . Nowadays, PVY NTN and PVY N-Wi are the predominant strains in Europe and the USA. After the infection of the leaf and accumulation of the virus, the virus is translocated to the progeny tubers. It is known that PVY N is better translocated than PVY O , but little is known about the translocation of the other PVY strains. The translocation of PVY occurs faster in young plants than in old plants; this mature plant resistance is generally explained by a restriction of the cell-to-cell movement of the virus in the leaves. The mother tuber may play an important role in explaining mature plant resistance. PVY is able to pass from one stem to the other stems of the same plant through the vascular system of the mother tuber, but it is unknown whether this vascular link between stems is permanent during the whole life of the plant. Two greenhouse trials were set up to study the spread of PVY in the vascular system of the potato plant. The PVY-susceptible cultivar Charlotte was used for both trials. It was demonstrated that all stems growing from a PVY-infected tuber will become infected sooner or later, and that PVY N-Wi translocates more efficiently to progeny tubers than PVY NTN . It was also demonstrated that the progressive decay of the mother tuber in the soil reduces the possibility for virus particles to infect healthy stems through the vascular system of the mother tuber. This new element contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of mature plant resistance.

Resistance of Potato Cultivars as a Determinant Factor of Potato virus Y (PVY) Epidemiology

“…Finally, the increase of the prevalence of PVY N-Wi in Switzerland may also be due to a faster translocation of this strain in the progeny tubers compared to PVY NTN . This phenomenon has been shown by Dupuis (2017) with potato plants infected with these strains.…”

Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus

“…The key challenge of managing aphids as pests is to keep the populations of wingless forms low, whereas that of managing potyvirus spread is to prevent the formation of winged forms or to kill them before they infect healthy plants [ 108 ]. The use of pesticides is not considered an ideal strategy to mitigate non-persistent virus epidemics because of the short time aphids need to transmit potyviruses [ 121 , 122 , 123 ]. For instance, several studies reported that the use of insecticides have a low impact on the spread of PVY as aphids transmit PVY prior to being killed by insecticides [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ].…”

“…For instance, the use of virus-free planting material, PPV-resistant cultivars, and physical barriers, and the removal of PPV inoculum sources including overwintering hosts appear to be effective and efficient strategies for PPV management over the insecticide treatments [ 122 ]. Similarly, the use of oil spraying, straw mulching, rouging, and intercropping as an integrated strategy proved to be effective against PVY than insecticides for vector and virus management [ 123 ]. The use of barrier crops has been proved to be effective to control multiple potyviruses such as chilli vein mottle virus (CVMV), PVY, bean common mosaic virus(BCMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), SMV, and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) in a wide range of crops [ 128 ].…”

Natuurvriendelijke bestrijding van bladluizen : voorkómen van hoge populatiedichtheden en curatief bestrijden

“…Door het voorkiemen wordt de aardappel minder blootgesteld aan bladluizen in de meest kwetsbare periode van de ontwikkeling van de plant. Daarnaast zijn oudere planten ook meer resistent tegen PVY (Dupuis, 2017). Ook hier geldt dat veranderende weersomstandigheden, warmere en drogere voorjaren, deze aloude advisering van de NAK richting de pootgoedtelers in een ander daglicht plaatsen.…”