The mouth: a gateway or a trap for HIV?

Malamud, Daniel; Wahl, Sharon M.

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328333525f

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Similarly, we observed strong HIV inhibitory activity in the CVS from 4 ′ -ethynyl-2-fluoro-2 ′ -deoxyadenosine-treated mice (P ¼ 0.0016) (Figure 1b and d). Consistent with the known presence of anti-HIV factors in saliva, 36 HIV infection was decreased in the presence of saliva from untreated (control) animals (Figure 1c and d). Nevertheless, we were able to document strong HIV inhibitory activity in the saliva from 4 ′ -ethynyl-2-fluoro-2 ′ -deoxyadenosine-treated animals (P ¼ 0.0161) well above that in the saliva from untreated mice (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women and infants prevents vaginal and oral HIV transmission in a preclinical model of HIV infection

Kovářová

Shanmugasundaram

Baker

et al. 2016

J. Antimicrob. Chemother.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women and infants prevents vaginal and oral HIV transmission in a preclinical model of HIV infection

Kovářová

Shanmugasundaram

Baker

et al. 2016

J. Antimicrob. Chemother.

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“…Finally, the incidence of TB disease in HIV-infected patients who did and did not receive IPT were not compared because evaluating the effectiveness of IPT was outside the scope of this work, since the effectiveness of IPT is already well-documented. 2–4 Instead this project aimed to describe the more practical aspects around IPT implementation and lessons learned to inform future scale-up in Vietnam and other countries. A strength of the project is that it demonstrated that screening PLHV for TB and treating them with IPT is successful in Vietnam, as evidenced by the: 1. high rate of PLHIV who initiated IPT; 2. high retention rates while on IPT (92%); and 3. minimal adverse events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 IPT has been shown to reduce the risk of active TB and death in PLHIV with few adverse events and without promoting drug-resistant disease. 2,3,4 Despite being safe, efficacious and recommended internationally, the uptake of IPT remains low at a global level. Based on the Global Plan to Stop TB, approximately 50% of patients newly enrolled in HIV care are expected to be eligible for IPT globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and evaluation of an isoniazid preventive therapy pilot program among HIV-infected patients in Vietnam, 2008−2010

Trinh¹,

Han²,

Bloss

et al. 2015

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

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Background WHO recommends screening for TB and evaluation for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) based on evidence that they reduce TB-related morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons. In Vietnam, an IPT pilot was implemented in two provinces; TB screening, treatment and outcomes were evaluated to inform the adoption and scale-up of IPT. Methods During April 2008 to March 2010, eligible HIV-infected persons aged >15 years, with no previous or current TB treatment, alcohol abuse or liver disease were screened for TB. If TB disease was ruled out based on symptoms, chest x-rays and sputum smears, isoniazid was administered for 9 months. Results Among 1281 HIV-infected persons who received initial eligibility screening, 520 were referred to and evaluated at district TB clinics for TB disease or IPT eligibility. Active TB was diagnosed in 17 patients and all were started on treatment. Of 520 patients evaluated, 416 (80.0%) initiated IPT: 382 (91.8%) completed IPT, 17 (4.1%) stopped treatment, 8 (1.9%) died, 3 (0.7%) developed TB during IPT and 6 (1.4%) had unknown outcomes. No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions IPT treatment completion was high; no serious complications occurred. Improving and expanding intensified case-finding and IPT should be considered in Vietnam.

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“…Although some investigators have reported the isolation of infective viral particles from oral samples and demonstrated the presence of viral particles in epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa, 39-41 the chance of transmitting HIV through saliva remains extremely low. 42 Moreover, a large body of literature supports the presence of effective anti-infective activity of human salivary secretions by a variety of salivary proteins, including defensins, lysozymes, lactoferrin secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and DMBT1 (glycoprotein-340/salivary agglutinin), 43 as well as lysis of HIV in the oral cavity owing to the hypotonicity of saliva. 44 …”

Section: Major Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting viruses by using salivary diagnostics

Corstjens¹,

Abrams²,

Malamud³

2012

The Journal of the American Dental Association

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Background Diagnostics that involve the use of oral fluids have become increasingly available commercially in recent years and are of particular interest because of their relative ease of use, low cost and noninvasive collection of oral fluid for testing. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors discuss the use of salivary diagnostics for virus detection with an emphasis on rapid detection of infection by using point-of-care devices. In particular, they review salivary diagnostics for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and human papillomavirus. Oral mucosal transudate contains secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A, as well as IgM and IgG, which makes it a good source for immunodiagnostic-based devices. Clinical Implications Because patients often visit a dentist more regularly than they do a physician, there is increased discussion in the dental community regarding the need for practitioners to be aware of salivary diagnostics and to be willing and able to administer these tests to their patients.

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The mouth: a gateway or a trap for HIV?

Cited by 32 publications

References 121 publications

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women and infants prevents vaginal and oral HIV transmission in a preclinical model of HIV infection

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women and infants prevents vaginal and oral HIV transmission in a preclinical model of HIV infection

Implementation and evaluation of an isoniazid preventive therapy pilot program among HIV-infected patients in Vietnam, 2008−2010

Detecting viruses by using salivary diagnostics

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