The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behavior:
            <i>The Mountain Gorilla</i>
            . George B. Schaller. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1963. 449 pp. $10.

Marler, Paris N.

doi:10.1126/science.140.3571.1081

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The latter characteristic is especially important since it minimizes the effect of a himian observer on the social system he is attempting to study. As Marler (1963:1081 has pointed out, the social behavior of pinnipeds is better known than that of any other wild mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural History and Behavior of the California Sea Lion

Hewer¹,

Peterson²,

Bartholomew³

1969

The Journal of Animal Ecology

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24. Graph of populations on San Nicolas Island 25. Graph showing changes in populations 53 26. Graph showing changes in amount of suckling 54 xi The California Sea Lion patterns which have not been reported in other pinnipeds: paternal care of the young (op. cit. :29\) ; bulls' pacification of fighting females (op. cit. :292) ; and territorial activity of pups (op. c?7.:294), for example. The behavior of Zalophus in captivity has recently interested several investigators (Schusterman and Feinstein, 1965; Evans and Haugen, 1963), but their experimental studies have not yet been extended into the field. Terminology An extensive and picturesqvie terminology developed for pinnipeds over the centuries of commercial hunting, and some words have become well established in scientific literature (North Pacific Fur Seal Commission, 1963). Several of the more useful of these terms are employed in this study. A hull is an adult male, and a territorial bull is one defending an area against the intrusion of other bulls. Pups are young of the year, especially prior to the autumn molt. A rookery is a coastal area occupied by a breeding population, and a hauling ground is a terrestrial site occupied by non-breeding animals. Methods The present paper has grown out of a series of studies of the population dynamics, distribution, and behavior of pinnipeds on the islands in the Eastern Pacific during the past two decades by one of us (G.A.B.; see Literature Cited). However, most of the data on the reproductive biology of Zalophus were obtained during three and a half months of intensive work on San Nicolas Island, California, during the late spring and summer of 1965. San Nicolas, the outermost of the California Channel Islands, is about 66 nautical miles southwest of Los Angeles Harbor. (For information about San Nicolas and the other islands in this group, see Hillinger, 1958, and Winslow, 1960) Observation.-The primary method of study was observation from a blind on a bluff overlooking a rookery on the south shore of San Nicolas Island (Fig. 1). The behavior of individual sea lions and their social interactions were recorded in detail in a notebook at the time they were observed. Characteristic activities were re-Tlie California Sea Lion scars, and we were able to identify and follow 14 of them at the study area by their patterns of scars and wounds. Experiments in immobilizing bulls with succinylcholine chloride were undertaken as a possible aid in marking. The drug was injected through an avuomatic projectile syringe fastened to an arrow as described above (Fig. 4). Seven bulls were experimented on in areas remote from the study area. The paralytic dose varied from 70 to 90 milligrams. The estimated weights of these bulls ranged from 175 to 275 kg, thus, the dosage was approximately 0.25 to 0.50 mg/kg, very similar to that required for immobilizing Callorhinus bulls (Peterson, 1965a: 692) General Biology Zalophus is a medium-sized otariid of marked sexual dimorphism. Adult males weigh 200-300 kg and are 200-250 cm in length, whi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%