The motor learning induces plastic changes in dendritic spines of Purkinje cells from the neocerebellar cortex of the rat

González-Tapia, David; Velázquez-Zamora, Dulce A.; Olvera‐Cortés, María Esther; González-Burgos, Ignacio

doi:10.3233/rnn-140462

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Several types of behavioral plasticity are associated with changes in dendritic spines, the primary sites of excitatory synapses in the brain. For example, many forms of learning and memory are accompanied by dendritic spinogenesis (Moser et al, 1994;Leuner et al, 2003;Restivo et al, 2009;Vetere et al, 2011a,b;Bock et al, 2014;Kuhlman et al, 2014;Nishiyama, 2014;González-Tapia et al, 2015Mahmmoud et al, 2015;Jasinska et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2016) or spine elimination (Vetere et al, 2011b;Sanders et al, 2012;Jasinska et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2016;Swanson et al, 2017). Spine plasticity is also associated with proficiency of certain motor tasks (Fu et al, 2012;Liston et al, 2013;Hayashi-Takagi et al, 2015;Gonzalez-Tapia et al, 2016) and potentially, action-outcome expectation, given that drugs that enhance action-outcome learning can trigger spine elimination in certain brain regions (Swanson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-Related Expectations Trigger Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Mouse Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex

et al. 2019

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An essential aspect of goal-directed decision-making is selecting actions based on anticipated consequences, a process that involves the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and potentially, the plasticity of dendritic spines in this region. To investigate this possibility, we trained male and female mice to nose poke for food reinforcers, or we delivered the same number of food reinforcers non-contingently to separate mice. We then decreased the likelihood of reinforcement for trained mice, requiring them to modify action-outcome expectations. In a separate experiment, we blocked action-outcome updating via chemogenetic inactivation of the OFC. In both cases, successfully selecting actions based on their likely consequences was associated with fewer immature, thin-shaped dendritic spines and a greater proportion of mature, mushroom-shaped spines in the ventrolateral OFC. This pattern was distinct from spine loss associated with aging, and we identified no effects on hippocampal CA1 neurons. Given that the OFC is involved in prospective calculations of likely outcomes, even when they are not observable, constraining spinogenesis while preserving mature spines may be important for solidifying durable expectations. To investigate causal relationships, we inhibited the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (encoded by Fmr1), which constrains dendritic spine turnover. Ventrolateral OFC-selective Fmr1 knockdown recapitulated the behavioral effects of inducible OFC inactivation (and lesions; also shown here), impairing action-outcome conditioning, and caused dendritic spine excess. Our findings suggest that a proper balance of dendritic spine plasticity within the OFC is necessary for one's ability to select actions based on anticipated consequences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-Related Expectations Trigger Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Mouse Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex

et al. 2019

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“…Previous research suggests that memory consolidation may involve changes in the density and morphology of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Regarding striatal spinogenesis, it has been reported that rearing rats in a rich environment produced an increase in spine density in medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which is indicative of experience-dependent neuronal modifications in this region (24,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mushroom spine dynamics in medium spiny neurons of dorsal striatum associated with memory of moderate and intense training

Bello-Medina

Flores

Quírarte

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A growing body of evidence indicates that treatments that typically impair memory consolidation become ineffective when animals are given intense training. This effect has been obtained by treatments interfering with the neural activity of several brain structures, including the dorsal striatum. The mechanisms that mediate this phenomenon are unknown. One possibility is that intense training promotes the transfer of information derived from the enhanced training to a wider neuronal network. We now report that inhibitory avoidance (IA) induces mushroom spinogenesis in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the dorsal striatum in rats, which is dependent upon the intensity of the foot-shock used for training; that is, the effect is seen only when high-intensity foot-shock is used in training. We also found that the relative density of thin spines was reduced. These changes were evident at 6 h after training and persisted for at least 24 h afterward. Importantly, foot-shock alone did not increase spinogenesis. Spine density in MSNs in the accumbens was also increased, but the increase did not correlate with the associative process involved in IA; rather, it resulted from the administration of the aversive stimulation alone. These findings suggest that mushroom spines of MSNs of the dorsal striatum receive afferent information that is involved in the integrative activity necessary for memory consolidation, and that intense training facilitates transfer of information from the dorsal striatum to other brain regions through augmented spinogenesis. A growing body of evidence indicates that treatments that commonly produce amnesia become ineffective when animals are given enhanced training (i.e., a high number of training sessions or relatively high levels of aversive stimulation). This protective effect against amnesia induced by interference with normal activity of brain nuclei has been found in a wide variety of learning tasks (1). Extensive evidence indicates that the dorsal striatum is intimately involved in the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval memory for many kinds of training experiences (2-5). Interference with cholinergic activity of the dorsal striatum and reversible inactivation of this structure induced after moderate training impair memory consolidation. However, notably, these treatments are ineffective in impairing memory when animals are overtrained (6-10). Such findings suggest that intense training may induce functional changes within the dorsal striatum that prevent the impairment of memory. Although the dorsal striatum seems histologically homogeneous, there is a functional differentiation along its medial-lateral axis related to memory consolidation (11). Prior studies have shown that the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is predominantly involved in spatial/contextual learning, influencing goal-directed behaviors (12, 13). In contrast, the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) enables the formation of procedural learning (4,14).Previous research suggests that memory consolidation may involve changes in the den...

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“…Another good candidate for contributing to postural learning is the cerebellum, which plays an important role in motor learning phenomena, such as visuomotor adaptation [77][78][79]. It has been shown that Purkinje cells undergo to significant changes in the density of their dendritic spine following an acrobatic training [80]. Indeed, the medial cerebellar vermal area controls stance [81][82][83][84][85][86] and promotes learning processes that modulates postural reflexes [63,[87][88][89][90], enhancing postural stability.…”

Section: Network Involved In the Plasticity Of Postural Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a short period of postural training on postural stability and vestibulospinal reflexes

et al. 2023

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The effects of postural training on postural stability and vestibulospinal reflexes (VSRs) were investigated in normal subjects. A period (23 minutes) of repeated episodes (n = 10, 50 seconds) of unipedal stance elicited a progressive reduction of the area covered by centre of pressure (CoP) displacement, of average CoP displacement along the X and Y axes and of CoP velocity observed in this challenging postural task. All these changes were correlated to each other with the only exception of those in X and Y CoP displacement. Moreover, they were larger in the subjects showing higher initial instability in unipedal stance, suggesting that they were triggered by the modulation of sensory afferents signalling body sway. No changes in bipedal stance occurred soon and 1 hour after this period of postural training, while a reduction of CoP displacement was apparent after 24 hours, possibly due to a beneficial effect of overnight sleep on postural learning. The same period of postural training also reduced the CoP displacement elicited by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) along the X axis up to 24 hours following the training end. No significant changes in postural parameters of bipedal stance and VSRs could be observed in control experiments where subjects were tested at identical time points without performing the postural training. Therefore, postural training led to a stricter control of CoP displacement, possibly acting through the cerebellum by enhancing feedforward mechanisms of postural stability and by depressing the VSR, the most important reflex mechanism involved in balance maintenance under challenging conditions.

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The motor learning induces plastic changes in dendritic spines of Purkinje cells from the neocerebellar cortex of the rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Reward-Related Expectations Trigger Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Mouse Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex

Reward-Related Expectations Trigger Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Mouse Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex

Mushroom spine dynamics in medium spiny neurons of dorsal striatum associated with memory of moderate and intense training

Effects of a short period of postural training on postural stability and vestibulospinal reflexes

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