The "Motor" Cortex of the Chimpanzee

Barenne, J. G. Dusser de; Garol, Hugh W.

doi:10.1152/jn.1941.4.4.287

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, prior to dissection the central sulcus was spread open to reveal the middle genu, which is anatomically equivalent to the hand knob seen in axial MRI sections in human brains (Yousry et al, 1997). The position of the hand knob landmark generally accords with previous electrophysiological studies of motor maps in this species (Grü nbaum and Sherrington, 1903;Leyton and Sherrington, 1917;Hines, 1940;Dusser de Barenne et al, 1941;Bailey et al, 1950). Moreover, a recent functional imaging study on grasping using positron emission tomography (PET) in five chimpanzees found significant activation in the knob region in the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used .…”

Section: Tissue Preparation and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 66%

Histological asymmetries of primary motor cortex predict handedness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Sherwood

Wahl

Erwin

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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Like humans, chimpanzees display robust and consistent hand preferences during the performance of certain tasks. Although correlations have been demonstrated between gross anatomic measures of primary motor cortex asymmetry and handedness in captive chimpanzees, the relationship between histological architecture and behavioral lateralization has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined interhemispheric asymmetry of several different microstructural characteristics of the primary motor cortex in the region of hand representation from 18 chimpanzees tested on a coordinated bimanual task before death. At the population level our data showed leftward bias for higher layer II/III neuron density. Of note, however, there was no population-level asymmetry in the areal fraction of Nissl-stained cell bodies, a finding that differs from previous studies of this cortical region in humans. Nonetheless, we found that asymmetry in the density of layer II/III parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons was the best predictor of individual hand preference. These results suggest that histological asymmetries are related to handedness in chimpanzees, while overall patterns of asymmetry at the population level might differ from humans.

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Section: Tissue Preparation and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 66%

Histological asymmetries of primary motor cortex predict handedness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Sherwood

Wahl

Erwin

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…It is now generally recognized that struc¬ tures in the temporal lobe play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of psychomotor \ s=p\ References 4,7,8,16,26, epilepsy # ; recently, Gastaut13 has proposed that the cortex in the vicinity of the temporal pole, diencephalic structures, or the amyg¬ dala-hippocampus may be responsible in different instances, the last structures being affected more frequently. The similarity of certain basic manifestations exhibited in all types of psychomotor fits suggests that these disturbances may arise from disorders of a common anatomical area, presumably the amygdala and the hippocampal gyrus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical Connections from Temporal Cortex of Monkey

Segundo¹,

Naquet²,

Arana³

1955

Arch NeurPsych

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“…The right hemisphere was selected because production of many facial expressions has been shown to be right hemisphere dominant across catarrhines [Campbell, 1982;Hauser, 1993;Borod et al, 1997;Hauser and Akre, 2001;Ferná ndez-Carriba et al, 2002], whereas speech, a highly specialized motor function, is localized to the left hemisphere in most humans [Kimura, 1993]. Published data from electrophysiological and functional imaging investigations in macaques [Lauer, 1952;Kwan et al, 1978;McGuinness et al, 1980;Humphrey, 1986;Huang et al, 1989], [Craggs et al, 1976;Samulack et al, 1990;Waters et al, 1990], orang-utans [Leyton and Sherrington, 1917], gorillas [Leyton and Sherrington, 1917], chimpanzees [Grünbaum and Sherrington, 1903-04;Leyton and Sherrington, 1917;Hines, 1940;Dusser de Barenne et al, 1941;Bailey et al, 1950], and humans [Penfield and Boldrey, 1937;Penfield and Rasmussen, 1950;Lotze et al, 2000;Fox et al, 2001;Salmelin and Sams, 2002] were used to determine the approximate location of orofacial representation. Based on these studies, samples were dissected from a region located approximately 0.5 cm inferior to the level of the genu of the arcuate sulcus in Old World monkeys and from a location roughly 1 cm inferior to the 'middle genu' [Yousry et al, 1997] of the central sulcus in great apes and humans ( fig.…”

Section: Specimens and Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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Social life in anthropoid primates is mediated by interindividual communication, involving movements of the orofacial muscles for the production of vocalization and gestural expression. Although phylogenetic diversity has been reported in the auditory and visual communication systems of primates, little is known about the comparative neuroanatomy that subserves orofacial movement. The current study reports results from quantitative image analysis of the region corresponding to orofacial representation of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) in several catarrhine primate species (Macaca fascicularis, Papio anubis, Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens) using the Grey Level Index method. This cortical region has been implicated in the execution of skilled motor activities such as voluntary facial expression and human speech. Density profiles of the laminar distribution of Nissl-stained neuronal somata were acquired from high-resolution images to quantify cytoarchitectural patterns. Despite general similarity in these profiles across catarrhines, multivariate analysis showed that cytoarchitectural patterns of individuals were more similar within-species versus between-species. Compared to Old World monkeys, the orofacial representation of area 4 in great apes and humans was characterized by an increased relative thickness of layer III and overall lower cell volume densities, providing more neuropil space for interconnections. These phylogenetic differences in microstructure might provide an anatomical substrate for the evolution of greater volitional fine motor control of facial expressions in great apes and humans.

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The "Motor" Cortex of the Chimpanzee

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Histological asymmetries of primary motor cortex predict handedness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Histological asymmetries of primary motor cortex predict handedness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Subcortical Connections from Temporal Cortex of Monkey

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

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