The motivation for exercise over palatable food is dictated by cannabinoid type-1 receptors

Muguruza, Carolina; Redon, Bastien; Fois, Giulia R.; Hurel, Imane; Scocard, Amandine; Nguyen, Claire; Stevens, Christopher; Soria-Gómez, Edgar; Varilh, Marjorie; Cannich, Astrid; Daniault, Justine; Busquets-García, Arnau; Pelliccia, Teresa; Caillé, Stéphanie; Georges, François; Marsicano, Giovanni; Chaouloff, Francis

doi:10.1172/jci.insight.126190

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…All protocols were similar to those already reported (Muguruza et al, 2019). In one series of experiments aimed at assessing the respective influences of the animal sex and of food restriction on wheel-running motivation (see above), operant conditioning procedures involved training under fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) and FR3 schedules of wheel-running reinforcement followed by a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Motivation for wheel-running and/or food intake was studied in 12 individual operant chambers (28 cm long × 26 cm wide × 38 cm high) located in a room adjacent to the animal housing room, as previously described (Muguruza et al, 2019). These chambers were placed inside wooden casings (60 cm long × 62 cm wide × 49 cm high) that were ventilated to guarantee air circulation and to provide background noise (Imetronic, Pessac, France).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The day after the last PR session, mice from the second series of experiments were returned to FR3 schedules of wheel and food reinforcement as to indicate to the mice that the rewards were again available following a fixed number of active nose pokes. Then, animals were placed in a choice condition ( Figure 1D , running/feeding choice configuration) with either wheel unlocking or food distribution being accessible under an FR3 schedule (Muguruza et al, 2019). However, choosing one reward excluded the possibility to obtain simultaneously the second reward.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the core of AN is an imbalance between the respective motivation drives for exercise and feeding (Klein et al, 2004; Casper, 2006; Keating, 2010; Keating et al, 2012), we next asked whether the impact of PWIR in the ABA found its origin at the motivation level. To do so, we shifted to an operant conditioning procedure wherein mice needed to nose-poke to unbrake a running wheel (Muguruza et al, 2019). This procedure allowed us to examine how i) food restriction and ii) PWIR respectively affected running motivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure allowed us to examine how i) food restriction and ii) PWIR respectively affected running motivation. As AN involves decreased motivation for feeding, we finally asked the question of i) the impact of PWIR on motivation for palatable food before ii) examining the respective drives for wheel-running and palatable feeding under ad libitum and food restricted conditions when these rewards were made concurrent (Muguruza et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond the Activity-Based Anorexia Model: Reinforcing Values of Exercise and Feeding Examined in Stressed Adolescent Male and Female Mice

et al. 2019

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Anorexia nervosa (AN), mostly observed in female adolescents, is the most fatal mental illness. Its core is a motivational imbalance between exercise and feeding in favor of the former. The most privileged animal model of AN is the “activity-based anorexia” (ABA) model wherein partly starved rodents housed with running wheels exercise at the expense of feeding. However, the ABA model bears face and construct validity limits, including its inability to specifically assess running motivation and feeding motivation. As infant/adolescent trauma is a precipitating factor in AN, this study first analyzed post-weaning isolation rearing (PWIR) impacts on body weights and wheel-running performances in female mice exposed to an ABA protocol. Next, we studied through operant conditioning protocols i) whether food restriction affects in a sex-dependent manner running motivation before ii) investigating how PWIR and sex affect running and feeding drives under ad libitum fed conditions and food restriction. Besides amplifying ABA-elicited body weight reductions, PWIR stimulated wheel-running activities in anticipation of feeding in female mice, suggesting increased running motivation. To confirm this hypothesis, we used a cued-reward motivated instrumental task wherein wheel-running was conditioned by prior nose poke responses. It was first observed that food restriction increased running motivation in male, but not female, mice. When fed grouped and PWIR mice were tested for their running and palatable feeding drives, all mice, excepted PWIR males, displayed increased nose poke responses for running over feeding. This was true when rewards were proposed alone or within a concurrent test. The increased preference for running over feeding in fed females did not extend to running performances (time, distance) during each rewarded sequence, confirming that motivation for, and performance during, running are independent entities. With food restriction, mice displayed a sex-independent increase in their preference for feeding over running in both group-housed and PWIR conditions. This study shows that the ABA model does not specifically capture running and feeding drives, i.e. components known to be affected in AN.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%