The most probable distributions with finite number of particles and the applications on Bose–Einstein condensation

Abstract

Motivated by the asynchronous finite differences method utilized for the calculation of the most probable distributions of finite particle number systems, this study employs numerical variation and central difference techniques to provide more precise estimations regarding these distributions. Specifically, three novel finite distributions are derived and applied to Bose–Einstein condensation, revealing that the critical condition (nλ3 = 2.612) may be relaxed in finite particle number scenarios. Moreover, maintaining density as a constant is anticipated to result in a higher critical temperature compared to infinite number systems. Notably, the obtained condensate number on the zero-energy level surpasses that of predictions generated by canonical distributions.