The mortality of British Grey Herons

Mead, C. J.; North, Philip M.; Watmough, B. R.

doi:10.1080/00063657909476611

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…food shortage as a result of cold weather may force some Grey Herons to seek food near busy roads, which they might normally avoid, and lead to their deaths in traffic accidents. Most of the available recoveries here relate to birds simply 'found dead' (Mead et al 1979), which covers many causes, and all recoveries are included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS When the mathematical model of Mead et al (1979) is extended so that (i) the first-year survival probability is year-dependent, and (ii) the second-year survival probability is constant yet different from the constant annual survival probability assumed for all older birds, then a good fit to the data is achieved, as assessed by a x2 goodness-of-fit test. However, this is done at the expense of introducing into the model a large number of survival probabilities which must be estimated from the data.…”

Section: Time-specific Survival Rates and Their Relation Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relating Grey Heron survival rates to winter weather conditions

North

1979

Bird Study

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-specific Survival Rates and Their Relation Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Grey Heron survival rates to winter weather conditions

North

1979

Bird Study

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“…For the Grey Heron, calculated mortality is usually higher in young birds than adults: 55.9 in the first year, 46.9 in the second year, and 30.3 thereafter according to Mead et al (1979); 69 in the first year and 31 in older birds according to Lack (1949); and 67 in the first year and 28 in older birds according to Olsson (1958). Similar trends have also been recorded in Great Blue Herons Ardea herodias (71 in the first year and 29 in older birds; Owen 1959), Great Egrets Ardea alba (76 vs. 26 ;Kahl 1963), and Little Egrets Egretta garzetta (44.8 93.5 vs. 28.6 ;Hafner et al 1998).…”

Section: Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality of adult Grey Herons is rather low at 28 30 per year (Olsson 1958, Mead et al 1979, which allows for high mate fidelity. In this study, 69 individually banded Grey Herons were observed intensively over a nine-year period in a single-species heronry in suburban Tokyo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual discrimination of wild herons and egrets has been accomplished based on body colour patterns and by artificially marking birds with dye of different colours for short-term observations of behaviour, particularly in breeding nests (Fujioka & Yamagishi 1981, Fujioka 1989, Ramo 1993, Wei et al 2005. To document survival and migration, researchers have used banding (ringing) (Rydzewski 1956, Kahl 1963, Mead et al 1979, Lekuona & Campos 1996, Melvin et al 1999, Thomas et al 1999, Campos et al 2001, Fasola et al 2002, radio-tracking (van Vessem et al 1984, Draulans & van Vessem 1985, van Vessem & Draulans 1987, Erwin et al 1996, and satellite-tracking (Jourdain et al 2008, van der Winden et al 2010. However, traditional methods of banding using a small ring and tagging for radio-or satellite-tracking are not suitable for observing the breeding and foraging behaviour of individual birds in the field, and for such purposes, especially those that involve detailed and long-term observations, larger rings are more suitable (Fernández-Cruz & Campos 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding Colony Fidelity and Long-term Reproductive History of Individually Marked Wild Grey Herons

Shirai

2013

Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

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Abstract. Site fidelity to the colony and breeding histories of individual Grey Herons Ardea cinerea were examined by intensive and long-term (nine years) observations of 50 fledglings and 19 adult birds banded with colour-patterned rings in a single-species colony in suburban Tokyo. In total, 38 (76.0 ) of 50 marked fledglings were never resighted in the natal colony. Of the 12 returning birds, four (33.3 ) began to breed at 2-years-old, two (16.7 ) at 3-years-old, one (8.3 ) at 4-years-old, and five (41.7 ) never bred. Two birds survived after 9 years from fledging. In total, 18 (94.7 ) of 19 adult birds were resighted in the next breeding season and most of them (15/18) bred there. Birds tend to stay at the same breeding colony once they had returned. Some birds exhibited site fidelity to the breeding nest every year, but others did not. Pair bonds remained stable in four pairs throughout years until one individual in a pair was lost. The number of chicks fledged per nest did not change with the age of the parent. Two broods in the same breeding season were observed in 7 (9.0 ) of 78 nests, in which at least one parent was marked. The maximum number of fledglings produced by a single male over the 9 years was 22. Of 23 birds that were resident for more than two years, four birds (all females) continued to stay at the colony site after the breeding season. However, 19 birds (eight males, three females, eight unsexed) left the colony after the late breeding season and were observed in outside locations, particularly at fixed feeding sites. The maximum distance of resighted, marked fledglings was 1,580 km southwest of the colony, 54 days after release.

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Evaluation of population‐level ecological risks of dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl exposure to fish‐eating birds in Tokyo Bay and its vicinity

Naito

Murata

2007

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Population-level assessments of the ecological risks of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure to fish-eating birds in Tokyo Bay and its vicinity were performed to judge the need for risk management measures to protect aquatic wildlife from dioxin-like PCB contamination. Egg mortality risk and changes in the population growth rate (lambda) in relation to the contamination levels of dioxin-like PCBs in eggs of gray heron (Ardea cinerea), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), osprey (Pandion halieaetus), and kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) were determined by integrating the results of exposure analysis, effect analysis, and a life-history model for each species. The egg mortality risks for the gray heron, great cormorant, osprey, and kingfisher populations were calculated to be 5.8, 6.8, 12, and less than 1%, respectively. The estimated lambda for those populations were calculated to be 1.061, 1.405, 1.024, and 1.131, respectively. The percentage changes in lambda for those populations were estimated to be 1.2, 2.0, 1.6, and less than 1%, respectively. Our results implied that the levels of dioxin-like PCBs observed in the Tokyo Bay area alone would not have significant population-level effects on the fish-eating bird populations. It is concluded that along with the trend toward decreasing dioxin and dioxin-like PCB levels in Tokyo Bay, no urgent need exists for risk-reduction measures to protect fish-eating bird populations against dioxin-like PCBs.

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The mortality of British Grey Herons

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Relating Grey Heron survival rates to winter weather conditions

Relating Grey Heron survival rates to winter weather conditions

Breeding Colony Fidelity and Long-term Reproductive History of Individually Marked Wild Grey Herons

Evaluation of population‐level ecological risks of dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl exposure to fish‐eating birds in Tokyo Bay and its vicinity

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