The Morphometry and Three-Dimensional Structure of the Adult Eustachian Tube: Implications for Function

Swarts, J. Douglas; Rood, Stewart R.

doi:10.1597/1545-1569(1991)027<0374:tmatds>2.3.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

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“…The pharyngotympanic tube communicates with the middle ear to the nasopharinge by contracting the tensor veli palatini muscle assisted by the levator palatini muscle during velopharingeal movements such as swallowing and the inhaling phase of respiration. (Misurya, 1976;Swarts, 1990;Spauwen et al, 1991;Su et al, 1993;Ishijima et al, 2002). Movement patterns such as yawning, laughing, swallowing and coughing involve pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that activate the tensor tympani.…”

Section: Muscular Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theories on Otic Symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorders: Past and Present

2005

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SUMMARY:For many years otic symptoms have been closely observed in TMD clinical practice. This review includes trials that meet eligibility criteria in the field of otic symptoms diagnosed and treated by a stomatognathic focal point. The aim is centered on the implications of the debated cause-effect connection between otic symptoms and TMD offering a probable bond between the TMJ, ear and adjacent structures. The rationalization is based on an embryological and anatomical approach that offers explanations on the otic pathogenic mechanisms symptoms interconnected with TMD. The accompanying reciprocity among disciplines of odontology and otolaryngology is brought together by TMD and otic referred mutual symptomatology as is showed in multiple trials. This research is an attempt that targets the integration of these two health specialties in the diagnosis and treatment of this type of population.

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Section: Muscular Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theories on Otic Symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorders: Past and Present

2005

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“…and Todhunter, 1979;Latham et al, 1980;Sundsten and Prothero, 1983;Kernahan et al, 1984;Swarts and Rood, 1990;Rudé et al, 1994;Namnoun et al, 1997;Berry et al, 1999;Kober et al, 2000;Ishijima et al, 2002;MingGuo et al, 2004). Case studies, while providing generalizations about structural relationships, overlook interindividual and developmental variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The midfacial region, including the cranial base, was isolated from the infraorbital rim to the lower lip or chin, with a maximum 20 mm section thickness (analogue to the cuvette height). Twelve randomized specimens (four, or 33%, bearing clp) were infiltrated with 2% celloidin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 2 days, 4% for 2 days, and 8% for 1 week Shibahara and Sando, 1988;Swarts and Rood, 1990;Cohen et al, 1993Cohen et al, , 1994Heinsen et al, 2000;Hannecke et al, 2001;Ishijima et al, 2002). Spontaneous evaporation concentrated the celloidin solution to approximately 16%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All peripheral structures were ablated during the preparation, which was intended to avoid by dissection from different directions . Nonablative visualization required either virtual serial sectioning by CT or MRI (Kleinheinz and Joos, 2001), sonography (Martin et al, 2000;Munshi et al, 2000), or physical serial sectioning Latham et al, 1980;Swarts et al, 1986, Swarts andRood, 1990;Spauwen et al, 1991;Ishijima et al, 2002;MinGuo et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since Born's work, several laborious manual and graphical techniques have been proposed to reconstruct objects from serial sections (Gaunt and Gaunt, 1978). Earlier 3D visualization of midfacial and Eustachian tube anatomy stacked acrylic glass or wax blueprints from outlined structures of interest (Siegel and Todhunter, 1979;Latham et al, 1980;Swarts and Rood, 1990;Spauwen et al, 1991). However, 3D reconstruction from serial sections for accurate computer models of anatomical structures, with complex shape and mixed tissues, can be very difficult (Haas and Fischer, 1997;MingGuo et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of two 3D virtual computer reconstructions for comparison of cleft lip and palate to normal fetal microanatomy

et al. 2006

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Cleft lip and palate reconstructive surgery requires thorough knowledge of normal and pathological labial, palatal, and velopharyngeal anatomy. This study compared two software algorithms and their 3D virtual anatomical reconstruction because exact 3D micromorphological reconstruction may improve learning, reveal spatial relationships, and provide data for mathematical modeling. Transverse and frontal serial sections of the midface of 18 fetal specimens (11th to 32nd gestational week) were used for two manual segmentation approaches. The first manual segmentation approach used bitmap images and either Windows-based or Mac-based SURFdriver commercial software that allowed manual contour matching, surface generation with average slice thickness, 3D triangulation, and real-time interactive virtual 3D reconstruction viewing. The second manual segmentation approach used tagged image format and platformindependent prototypical SeViSe software developed by one of the authors (F.W.). Distended or compressed structures were dynamically transformed. Registration was automatic but allowed manual correction, such as individual section thickness, surface generation, and interactive virtual 3D real-time viewing. SURFdriver permitted intuitive segmentation, easy manual offset correction, and the reconstruction showed complex spatial relationships in real time. However, frequent software crashes and erroneous landmarks appearing "out of the blue," requiring manual correction, were tedious. Individual section thickness, defined smoothing, and unlimited structure number could not be integrated. The reconstruction remained underdimensioned and not sufficiently accurate for this study's reconstruction problem. SeViSe permitted unlimited structure number, late addition of extra sections, and quantified smoothing and individual slice thickness; however, SeViSe required more elaborate work-up compared to SURFdriver, yet detailed and exact 3D reconstructions were created. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: lip anatomy; velopharyngeal anatomy; serial sections; 3D reconstruction; 3D triangulation; SURFdriver; SeViSe; real-time viewingThe key to excellent static and functional results in cleft lip and palate (clp) reconstructive surgery lies in detailed knowledge of the normal and pathological labial, palatal, and velopharyngeal anatomy. The current therapeutic concepts of clp treatment aim at functional reconstruction or imitation of normal anatomy, as expounded by Kriens

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Facial clefting and oroauditory pathway manifestations in ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects‐cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome

Cole

Hatef

Kaufman

et al. 2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects‐cleft lip/palate (AEC) Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, along with other malformations such as cleft lip and palate, and various secondary issues such as chronic sinusitis, otitis media, and conductive hearing loss (CHL). The International Research Symposium for AEC Syndrome convened at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. Patients with a suspected diagnosis of AEC syndrome attended, and members of the dental, dermatology, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and audiology services examined each patient. Eighteen patients with a diagnosis of AEC were evaluated. Mean age was 7.5 years (range: 4 months–30 years). Fourteen of the 15 subjects tested (93.33%) demonstrated CHL, with seven showing moderate to severe hearing deficits (41–90 dB). Nine of 13 respondents reported hoareness or voice problems; 8 were noted to display this on examination. Fourteen of 16 subjects reported speech was below average for age; 8 were in speech therapy. All 18 subjects reported a history of otitis externa or otitis media. Eleven of the subjects (61.11%) required myringotomy and pressure equalizing (PE) tubes. All patients demonstrated cleft palate defects. Of these, 16 (94.11%) presented with clefting of the soft palate, and 10 (58.82%) showed hard palate defects. Three subjects (16.67%) were noted to have submucous clefts. Our experience leads us to propose that while the oroauditory problems in those with AEC syndrome is likely multifactorial, many issues may stem from palatal clefting. Despite this, some abnormalities persist following surgical cleft closure, which indicates other complicating factors are also involved. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The Morphometry and Three-Dimensional Structure of the Adult Eustachian Tube: Implications for Function

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Theories on Otic Symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorders: Past and Present

Theories on Otic Symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorders: Past and Present

Evaluation of two 3D virtual computer reconstructions for comparison of cleft lip and palate to normal fetal microanatomy

Facial clefting and oroauditory pathway manifestations in ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects‐cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome

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