The Morphology of the Head of Larval Hymenoptera With Special Reference to the Head of the Ichneu‐monoidea, Including a Classification of the Final Instar Larvae of the Braconidae

Short, J. R. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x

Cited by 103 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…. This figure agrees generally with that given for Scambusl in Short (1959), although teeth are not shown on the mandible. .…”

Section: Methods Terminology and Classificationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…SOC. This classification accepts the larval character suggested by Short (1959 : 400) for the subfamily: that the hypostomal spur meets the stipital sclerite on or near the point of meeting of this and the labial sclerite. 122.…”

Section: Methods Terminology and Classificationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THIS paper is an attempt to bring up to date the author's published work (Short, 1959) on the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae by an examination of further material and by a review of recent literature. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THIS paper is an attempt to bring up to date the author's published work (Short, 1959) on the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae by an examination of further material and by a review of recent literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the classification of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Supplement

Short

1970

Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London

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“…. This figure agrees generally with that given for Scambusl in Short (1959), although teeth are not shown on the mandible. .…”

Section: Methods Terminology and Classificationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methods Terminology and Classificationsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the classification of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Supplement

Short

1970

Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London

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“…General terminology used in the larval descriptions follows Vance and Smith (1933) as well as Short (1952). Our terminology is also consistent with Cutler’s (1955) work on Pteromalidae larval head morphology and the referred previous studies of Gómez et al (2008, 2011, 2013), Gómez and Nieves (2012) and Nieves-Aldrey et al (2007) on the larvae of Torymidae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Terminal-instar larval systematics and biology of west European species of Ormyridae associated with insect galls (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Gómez¹,

Nieves²,

Gayubo³

et al. 2017

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A systematic study of the genus Ormyrus (Chalcidoidea, Ormyridae) was conducted based on the morphology and biology of the terminal-instar larvae of ten west European species that are parasitoids of gall wasps and gallflies of the families Cynipidae, Eurytomidae and Tephritidae. The first detailed descriptions are provided of the terminal-instar larvae of these ten species using SEM images to illustrate diagnostic characters with systematic values. A key is provided for the identification of ormyrid larvae associated with galls in Europe, which is based particularly on characters of the head, mouthparts and mandibles. Although only limited informative variation in body shape was found, the setation of the head provided several characters of potential taxonomic value. The larval biology of the ten ormyrid species inhabiting different galls is also summarised. Although Ormyrus larvae are usually solitary idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the host larva of various gall-inhabiting insects, evidence of secondary phytophagy was observed in some species.

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“…Comments on morphological changes that may occur during each stage were added after the diagnoses. For cephalic capsule chaetotaxy, last instar larvae were used as model since the distribution of setae is the same for all larval instars and prepupa (Short, 1952).…”

Section: Morphological Characterization Of Immature Stages and Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characterization of immature stages of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) ectoparasitoid of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

Pezzini¹,

Jahnke²,

Köhler³

2017

JHR

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Habrobracon hebetor (Say) is a cosmopolitan idiobiont braconid which parasitizes Pyralidae larvae, a pest of stored products, such as Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). The objective was to describe the morphology of immature forms of H. hebetor and morphological changes throughout its development. Mated females of H. hebetor were individualized in Petri dishes containing larvae of E. kuehniella for parasitism for six hours. Then, the females were removed, leaving only the eggs placed on the host. The development was evaluated every 12 hours, recording all stages and changes until the emergence of adults. Using stereoscopic optical and scanning electron microscopy, photographs of immature individuals were taken. The results showed that this parasitoid completes its development between 10-12 days. There were stages overlaps during egg to adult development. Eggs are hymenopteriform, with a smooth surface. According to cephalic capsule and larval length measurements of H. hebetor, it was possible to determine four instars. In general, the instars are similar to each other, differing mainly in the size and shape of segments. Larvae present a gradual loss of transparency, becoming opaquer at each successive instar. Last instar larvae distanced from the host to form the cocoon and to pupate. This study was relevant for a better understanding of the physiological interactions between E. kuehniella and H. hebetor.

show abstract

The Morphology of the Head of Larval Hymenoptera With Special Reference to the Head of the Ichneu‐monoidea, Including a Classification of the Final Instar Larvae of the Braconidae

Cited by 103 publications

References 13 publications

On the classification of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Supplement

On the classification of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Supplement

Terminal-instar larval systematics and biology of west European species of Ormyridae associated with insect galls (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Morphological characterization of immature stages of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) ectoparasitoid of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

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