The morphology of a Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) shoot is affected by its position in the canopy and correlated to the number and size of its fruits

Valdebenito, Daniela; Farias, Daniela da Hora; Oyanedel, Eduardo; Castro, Mónica; Lampinen, Bruce; Tixier, Aude; Saa, Sebastián

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.03.046

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The shoot is the main bearing structure in the mature walnut tree and is thus important for tree productivity [118]. The phenolic composition of the walnut shoot is critical in its susceptibility to bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris pv.…”

Section: Different Parts Of the Walnut Treementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

et al. 2019

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As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.

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Section: Different Parts Of the Walnut Treementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

et al. 2019

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“…The pomological characteristics and chemical composition of fruits might be influenced by the topography of the production area (Örmeci & Aşkın, 2017), growing altitudes (Eskimez et al, 2019;Usanmaz et al, 2018), production systems (Patumi, 1999), and variety (Baccouri et al, 2007;Okatan et al, 2017). Recent studies showed that the morphology of a walnut shoot is affected by its position in the canopy and that shoot morphology is directly related with the number and size of the fruits (Valdebenito et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Altitude on the Pomological Characteristics and Chemical Properties of ‘Chandler’ Walnuts: A Case Study in Uşak Province

et al. 2020

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This research was conducted to investigate some quality parameters of nuts of walnut (<em>Juglans regia </em>L.) ‘Chandler’ grown at different altitudes. Studies were conducted in Eşme Town, Uşak Province, in three different villages situated at an average altitude of 650 m, 800 m, and 900 m. Studies were conducted in Karaahmetli, Takmak, and Yeşilkavak villages in the 2012–2013 production year and orchards with similar soil and topography characteristics were selected. Plant protection, plant production, and other cultivation practices in the sampled orchards were also noted and orchards with the same attributes were selected. During the harvesting period, regular measurements were taken to determine correct time for harvesting. Nuts were hand-harvested when the color of the membrane separating the kernel and outer parts turned brown. A total of 35–40 nuts were randomly selected and harvested from the three orchards and 15 of those were randomly selected for further analysis. Nut weight, internal (kernel) weight, shell thickness, kernel color, dry matter, moisture, ash, protein, oil, mineral matter, and free fatty acid composition were determined. Results showed that the site altitude significantly influences walnut’s quality and it is highly important to consider the site altitude as a factor before planting new orchards. Results showed that nut height, nut width, nut length, nut weight, kernel weight, shell thickness, oil content, phosphorus content, magnesium content, oleic acid, and linolenic acid increase with an increase in altitude. On the other hand, kernel ratio, total nitrogen, and protein content were found to decrease with increasing site altitude.

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“…To support the NIR screening, the morphology can be consulted here, since the classic varieties from France differ slightly in shape from the walnuts grown in Germany [ 58 ]. It must be explicitly stated that the walnuts’ morphology is also influenced by other factors such as the position on the tree [ 59 ]. However, some varieties are also cultivated in France and Germany, which makes a sensory analysis difficult.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Arndt

Drees

Ahlers

et al. 2020

Foods

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The prices of walnuts vary according to their geographical origin and, therefore, offer a financial incentive for adulteration. A reliable analysis method is required to quickly detect possible misdeclarations and thus prevent food fraud. In this study, a method to distinguish between seven geographical origins of walnuts using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a fast, versatile, and easy to handle analytical tool was developed. NIR spectra of 212 ground and afterwards freeze-dried walnut samples, harvested in three consecutive years (2017–2019), were collected. We optimized the data pre-processing by applying and evaluating 50,545 different pre-processing combinations, followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which was confirmed by nested cross-validation. The results show that in the scope of our research minimal pre-processing led to the best results: By applying just multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and median centering, a classification accuracy of 77.00% ± 1.60% was achieved. Consequently, this complex model can be used to answer economically relevant questions e.g., to distinguish between European and Chinese walnuts. Furthermore, the great influence of the applied pre-processing methods, e.g., the selected wavenumber range, on the achieved classification accuracy is shown which underlines the importance of optimization of the pre-processing strategy.

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The morphology of a Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) shoot is affected by its position in the canopy and correlated to the number and size of its fruits

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

Effects of Altitude on the Pomological Characteristics and Chemical Properties of ‘Chandler’ Walnuts: A Case Study in Uşak Province

Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

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