The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study

Tremblay, Richard E.; Vitaro, Frank; Nagin, Daniel S.; Pagani, Linda S.; Séguin, Jean R.

doi:10.1007/0-306-47945-1_7

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…They are, thus, swiftly taken out of their "natural" peer group and placed in special classes, special schools and institutions with other "deviants," the ideal situation to reinforce marginal behaviour (Dishion et al 1999). They are among the most delinquent from pre-adolescence onward, are the first to initiate substance use, the first to initiate sexual intercourse, the most at risk of dropping out of school, having a serious accident, being violent offenders and being diagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder (Lacourse et al 2003;Tremblay et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Youth Violence: An Old Story with New Data

Tremblay

2007

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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Youth violence is a major public concern in all modern societies. To prevent this violence, we need to understand how innocent young children grow into violent adolescents. Longitudinal studies of large samples of children from infancy to adulthood indicate that the peak age for physical aggression is between the end of the second and the end of the fourth year after birth. Fortunately, because of their size, physical aggression from two-year-olds does not constitute a major threat to the public in general. It is also providential that most children learn to control these physically dangerous and socially disruptive behaviours before they reach their maximum size. This natural course of development suggests that the preschool years are the best window of opportunity to prevent the development of cases of chronic physical aggression. Safe streets probably start with quality early education.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Youth Violence: An Old Story with New Data

Tremblay

2007

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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“…Much empirical evidence establishes the significant influence of early social adaptation, such as childhood problem behavior, on adolescent and early adult behaviors [25,26]. Therefore, we include first grade teachers’ ratings of aggression (e.g., fighting, resisting authority) and shyness (e.g., timidity, aloofness) as indicators of early childhood risk of substance use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of substance use and violent victimization in adulthood among a cohort of urban African Americans

et al. 2012

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Aims This article examines the effects of experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood on pathways of substance use from adolescence to mid-adulthood. Design Data come from four assessments of an African American community cohort followed longitudinally from age 6 to 42. Setting The cohort lived in the urban, disadvantaged Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago in 1966. Participants All first graders from the public and parochial schools were asked to participate (N=1,242). Measurement Dependent variables - alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use - came from self reports at age 42. Young adult violent victimization was reported at age 32, as were acts of violence, substance use, social integration, and socioeconomic resources. First grade risk factors came from mothers’ and teachers’ reports; adolescent substance use was self reported. Findings Structural equation models indicate a pathway from adolescent substance use to young adult violent victimization for females and those who did not grow up in extreme poverty (betas ranging from .15 to .20, p<.05). In turn, experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood increased alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use yet results varied by gender and early poverty status (betas ranging from .12 to .15, p<.05). Conclusions Violent victimization appears to play an important role in perpetuating substance use among the African American population. However, within-group variations are evident, identifying those who are not raised in extreme poverty as the most negatively affected by violence.

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“…Social network factors such as the presence of delinquent peers (especially gangs) and a lack of prosocial peer attachment are also documented risk factors (Hawkins et al, 2003). Individual factors such as early drug use (Huizinga, Weiher, Espiritu, & Esbese, 2003), early disruptive behaviors (Tremblay, Vitaro, Nagin, Pagani, & Segun, 2003), low school achievement and bonding (Hawkins et al, 2003), history of victimization (Loeber et al, 2003), and childhood maltreatment and abuse (Thornberry, Lizotte, Krohn, Smith, & Porter, 2003) all correlate with juvenile delinquency. Specifically, childhood trauma such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect have been found to be significant factors in predicting levels of violent and nonviolent crimes and status offenses (Mersky & Reynolds, 2007;Robertson & Burton, 2012;Zingraff, Leiter, Myers, & Johnson, 1993).…”

Section: The Multifactorial Etiology Of Delinquencymentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Racial Discrimination, Childhood Trauma, and Trauma Symptoms on Juvenile Delinquency in African American Incarcerated Youth

Kang

Burton

2014

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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To understand racial disproportionality in juvenile delinquency, we studied relationships between 2 possible contributors: effects of manifestations of a structural factor (racism) and psychological consequences of trauma. Informed by Carter's (2007) theory of race-based trauma, we explored the role of experiences of racial discrimination, childhood trauma, and trauma symptoms in juvenile delinquency through self-reported experiences of incarcerated African American youth. We found that childhood trauma, trauma symptoms, and racial discrimination experiences all significantly contributed to juvenile delinquency, but participants who experienced greater racial discrimination had higher posttraumatic stress symptoms and elevated delinquency rates. Considering the welldocumented effects of trauma symptoms on juvenile delinquency, race-based trauma experiences might help us understand one aspect of racial disproportionality in juvenile delinquency.

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The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study

Cited by 70 publications

References 113 publications

The Development of Youth Violence: An Old Story with New Data

The Development of Youth Violence: An Old Story with New Data

A longitudinal study of substance use and violent victimization in adulthood among a cohort of urban African Americans

Effects of Racial Discrimination, Childhood Trauma, and Trauma Symptoms on Juvenile Delinquency in African American Incarcerated Youth

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