The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Global Evidence-Based Consensus

Vakil, Nimish; Zanten, Sander Veldhuyzen van; Kahrilas, Peter J.; Dent, John; Jones, Roger

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x

Cited by 3,328 publications

(3,038 citation statements)

References 176 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

2,714

Contrasting

Unclassified

281

Order By: Relevance

“…However, patients can have severe heartburn symptoms without reflux esophagitis and, conversely, GERD may cause erosions without any esophageal symptoms at all. It is increasingly appreciated that patients with GERD often have several other symptoms that contribute to low scores of psychological well-being [72].…”

Section: Symptom Generation In Gerdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Shin

Vagin

Munson

et al. 2007

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion is the mainstay of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulceration; therapies to inhibit acid are among the best-selling drugs worldwide. Highly effective agents targeting the histamine H2 receptor were first identified in the 1970s. These were followed by the development of irreversible inhibitors of the parietal cell hydrogenpotassium ATPase (the proton pump inhibitors) that inhibit acid secretion much more effectively. Reviewed here are the chemistry, biological targets and pharmacology of these drugs, with reference to their current and evolving clinical utilities. Future directions in the development of acid inhibitory drugs include modifications of current agents and the emergence of a novel class of agents, the acid pump antagonists.

show abstract

Section: Symptom Generation In Gerdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Shin

Vagin

Munson

et al. 2007

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(5,6) The Montreal definition and classification of GERD states that: "GERD is a condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications" and the definition recognizes that heartburn and acid regurgitation are characteristic symptoms of GERD. (7,8) Overweight, defined according to the World Health Organization's classification as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 ,(9) increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) (10)(11)(12) and is independently associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma. (11) The increasing weight seen in the general population will have unfortunate effects on the prevalence of GERD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Loss and Reduction in Gastroesophageal Reflux. A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study: The HUNT Study

Ness-Jensen

Lindam

Lagergren³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Gastroenterology

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Word count 3000Weight loss and gastroesophageal reflux 3 ABSTRACT Objective High body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS). The aim of this study was to clarify if weight loss reduces GERS. DesignThe study was part of the Nord-Trøndelag health study (the HUNT study), a prospective population-based cohort study conducted in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. All residents of the county from 20 years of age were invited. In 1995-7 (HUNT 2) and 2006-9 (HUNT 3), 58,869 and 44,997 persons, respectively, responded to a questionnaire on heartburn and acid regurgitation. Among these, 29,610 persons (61% response rate) participated at both times and were included in the present study. The association between weight loss and reduction of GERS was calculated using logistic regression. The analyses were stratified by antireflux medication and the results adjusted for sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and physical exercise.Results Weight loss was dose-dependently associated with a reduction of GERS and an increased treatment success with antireflux medication. Among persons with >3.5 units decrease in BMI, the adjusted OR of loss of any (minor or severe) GERS was 1.98 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.72) when using no or less than weekly antireflux medication, and 3.95 (95% CI 2.03 to 7.65) when using at least weekly antireflux medication. The corresponding ORs of loss of severe GERS was 0.90 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.55) and 3.11 (95% CI 1.13 to 8.58). ConclusionWeight loss was dose-dependently associated with both a reduction of GERS and an increased treatment success with antireflux medication in the general population.

show abstract

“…The questions concerning GERD symptoms were on the presence or absence of heartburn (a burning sensation or discomfort behind the breast bone in the chest) and/or acid regurgitation (a bitter or sour-tasting fluid coming into the throat or mouth), and the frequency of these symptoms (every day, more than 1 day a week, 1 day a week, 2-3 days a month, 1 day a month, and less than 1 day a month). Subjects who had heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least 1 day a week were defined as having GERD (4,6). The self-report questionnaire also included key questions regarding FD and IBS from the Rome III Integrative Questionnaire (5).…”

Section: Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

“…GERD is caused by an abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and is characterized by bothersome symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation (4). FD is a disorder in which upper abdominal symptoms occur in the absence of organic disease that explains them (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and its Association with Overlapping Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Functional Dyspepsia, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common gastrointestinal diseases. Several studies have shown a significant occurrence of overlap among these 3 diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with such disease overlap in Japanese adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on Japanese workers who visited a clinic for a routine health check-up and asked them to fill out a self-report questionnaire. GERD was defined as episodes of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least once a week, and the diagnosis of FD and IBS was based on Rome III criteria. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Disease overlaps were found in 160 (6.0%) of the 2680 eligible subjects. Female gender was associated with GERD + IBS (OR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.06-3.75), and FD + IBS (OR=1.72; 95% CI, 1.03-2.85), and lower body mass index was negatively associated with FD + IBS (OR=0.54; 96% CI, 0.34-0.87). Cigarette smoking was a common factor associated with the overlaps: GERD + FD (OR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.22-3.76), GERD + IBS (OR=3.16; 95% CI, 1.75-3.71), FD + IBS (OR=2.26; 95% CI, 1.40-3.66), and GERD + FD + IBS (OR=4.08; 95% CI, 1.66-10.07). The associations between smoking habits and overlaps were stronger in smokers who smoked !1 pack per day as compared to those who smoked <1 pack per day. Conclusion Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with overlaps among GERD, FD, and IBS in Japanese adults.

show abstract

The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Global Evidence-Based Consensus

Cited by 3,328 publications

References 176 publications

Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Weight Loss and Reduction in Gastroesophageal Reflux. A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study: The HUNT Study

Cigarette Smoking and its Association with Overlapping Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Functional Dyspepsia, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About