In this contribution,
we revisit the neglected and forgotten cationic,
air-stable, 18-valence electron, heteroleptic sandwich complex (cycloheptatrienyl)(cyclopentadienyl)manganese,
which was reported independently by Fischer and by Pauson about 50
years ago. Using advanced high-power LED photochemical synthesis,
an expedient rapid access to the parent complex and to functionalized
derivatives with alkyl, carboxymethyl, bromo, and amino substituents
was developed. A thorough study of these “tromancenium”
salts by a range of spectroscopic techniques (
1
H/
13
C/
55
Mn-NMR, IR, UV–vis, HRMS, XRD, XPS, EPR), cyclic
voltammetry (CV), and quantum chemical calculations (DFT) shows that
these manganese sandwich complexes are unique metallocenes with quite
different chemical and physical properties in comparison to those
of isoelectronic cobaltocenium salts or (cycloheptatrienyl)(cyclopentadienyl)
sandwich complexes of the early transition metals. Electrochemically,
all tromancenium ions undergo a chemically partially reversible oxidation
and a chemically irreversible reduction at half-wave or peak potentials
that respond to the substituents at the Cp deck. As exemplarily shown
for the parent tromancenium ion, the product generated during the
irreversible reduction process reverts at least partially to the starting
material upon reoxidation. Quantum-chemical calculations of the parent
tromancenium salt indicate that metal–ligand bonding is distinctly
weaker for the cycloheptatrienyl ligand in comparison to that of the
cyclopentadienyl ligand. Both the HOMO and the LUMO are metal and
cycloheptatrienyl-ligand centered, indicating that chemical reactions
will occur either metal-based or at the seven-membered ring, but not
on the cyclopentadienyl ligand.