The Mollii-suit®—A novel method using reciprocal inhibition in children with cerebral palsy, gross motor function classification system IV-V: A 6-month prospective study

Wong, Christian; Torabi, Tina Piil; Mortensen, Kristian R. L.; Michelsen, Josephine Sandahl

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.279

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The EXOPULSE Mollii method has already been introduced in clinical practice, and results from pilot studies in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy indicate potential benefits of this treatment on spasticity (17,18). In a recent explorative study (19), we observed that repeated applications of EXOPULSE Mollii with sessions of 60 min every second day, at 20 Hz of stimulation, in the long-term stage after stroke may be feasible and have positive effects on spasticity and perceived functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity

et al. 2021

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Background: The EXOPULSE Mollii method is an innovative full-body suit approach for non-invasive electrical stimulation, primarily designed to reduce disabling spasticity and improve motor function through the mechanism of reciprocal inhibition. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of one session of stimulation with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit at different stimulation frequencies on objective signs of spasticity and clinical measures, and the subjective perceptions of the intervention.Methods: Twenty patients in the chronic phase after stroke were enrolled in a cross-over, double-blind controlled study. Electrical stimulation delivered through EXOPULSE Mollii was applied for 60 min at two active frequencies (20 and 30 Hz) and in OFF-settings (placebo) in a randomized order, every second day. Spasticity was assessed with controlled-velocity passive muscle stretches using the NeuroFlexor hand and foot modules. Surface electromyography (EMG) for characterizing flexor carpi radialis, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles activation, Modified Ashworth Scale and range of motion were used as complementary tests. Finally, a questionnaire was used to assess the participants' perceptions of using the EXOPULSE Mollii suit.Results: At group level, analyses showed no significant effect of stimulation at any frequency on NeuroFlexor neural component (NC) and EMG amplitude in the upper or lower extremities (p > 0.35). Nevertheless, the effect was highly variable at the individual level, with eight patients exhibiting reduced NC (>1 N) in the upper extremity after stimulation at 30 Hz, 5 at 20 Hz and 3 in OFF settings. All these patients presented severe spasticity at baseline, i.e., NC > 8 N. Modified Ashworth ratings of spasticity and range of motion did not change significantly after stimulation at any frequency. Finally, 75% of participants reported an overall feeling of well-being during stimulation, with 25% patients describing a muscle-relaxing effect on the affected hand and/or foot at both 20 and 30 Hz.Conclusions: The 60 min of electrical stimulation with EXOPULSE Mollii suit did not reduce spasticity consistently in the upper and lower extremities in the chronic phase after stroke. Findings suggest a need for further studies in patients with severe spasticity after stroke including repeated stimulation sessions.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04076878, identifier: NCT04076878.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity

et al. 2021

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“…The suit underwent clinical trials in Sweden and other countries, and the results showed that it was effective in reducing spasticity, improving motor function, and increasing the quality of life for individuals with neurological conditions fostering the adoption of this technology in clinical practice [ 13 ]. However, it should be highlighted that the long-term effects of the EMS should be still investigated, hence the EMS should be considered a tool for the management of spasticity during rehabilitative physiotherapy with short-term benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and Effectiveness of Electrosuit in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review with Clinical Implications

Perpetuini

Russo²,

Cardone

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Electrical stimulation through surface electrodes is a non-invasive therapeutic technique used to improve voluntary motor control and reduce pain and spasticity in patients with central nervous system injuries. The Exopulse Mollii Suit (EMS) is a non-invasive full-body suit with integrated electrodes designed for self-administered electrical stimulation to reduce spasticity and promote flexibility. The EMS has been evaluated in several clinical trials with positive findings, indicating its potential in rehabilitation. This review investigates the effectiveness of the EMS for rehabilitation and its acceptability by patients. The literature was collected through several databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Positive effects of the garment on improving motor functions and reducing spasticity have been shown to be related to the duration of the administration period and to the dosage of the treatment, which, in turn, depend on the individual’s condition and the treatment goals. Moreover, patients reported wellbeing during stimulation and a muscle-relaxing effect on the affected limb. Although additional research is required to determine the efficacy of this device, the reviewed literature highlights the EMS potential to improve the motor capabilities of neurological patients in clinical practice.

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“…At the conclusion of these interventions, a new set of measurements was taken to assess the immediate effects. The specific interventions administered to each group are detailed as follows: Suit: The same protocol used in our previous project [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ] was carried out in this intervention. Therefore, participants in this group were subjected to a 60 min session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit ( Figure 1 ), with all 58 electrodes active at an intensity of 2 milliamperes (mA) and pulse width of 30 milliseconds (ms), as previously described in other studies using the same treatment [ 1 , 76 , 80 , 87 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suit: The same protocol used in our previous project [80][81][82][83][84][85][86] was carried out in this intervention. Therefore, participants in this group were subjected to a 60 min session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit (Figure 1), with all 58 electrodes active at an intensity of 2 milliamperes (mA) and pulse width of 30 milliseconds (ms), as previously described in other studies using the same treatment [1,76,80,87].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Psychophysiological Responses in Fibromyalgia Patients: Evaluating Neuromodulation Alone, Neuromodulation Combined with Virtual Reality, and Exercise Interventions

Rubio-Zarapuz,

Apolo-Arenas,

Tomas-Carus

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Fibromyalgia, a chronic condition, manifests as widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, autonomic and cognitive dysfunction, hypersensitivity to stimuli, and various somatic and psychiatric symptoms. This study, a controlled and randomized experiment, aimed to evaluate and compare the immediate effects of different treatments on fibromyalgia patients. Materials and Methods: The treatments included the EXOPULSE Mollii suit, a combination of the EXOPULSE Mollii suit with a virtual reality (VR) protocol, and a physical exercise regimen. A cohort of 89 female fibromyalgia patients was randomly assigned to one of four groups: Control (n = 20), Suit only (n = 22), Suit combined with VR (n = 21), and Exercise (n = 26). Results: This study found notable differences across the groups in several key parameters. In the Control group, significant changes were observed in Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV 1/FEV 6), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) at the epicondyle, cortical arousal levels, the 10 m up-and-go test, and in all measured variables related to temperature and muscle oxygenation. For the group using the suit alone, there were significant differences noted in the NRS, the chair stand test, palm temperature, and all muscle oxygenation parameters. The Suit + VR group showed significant changes in the NRS, PPT at the knee, handgrip strength test, the 10 m up-and-go test, one-leg balance test with the right leg, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb). Finally, the Exercise group exhibited significant differences in FEV 1/FEV 6, chest perimeter difference, NRS, PPT at both the epicondyle and knee, cortical arousal, the chair stand test, the 10-m up-and-go test, and in SmO2, HHb, and O2Hb levels. Conclusions: combining neuromodulation with VR and targeted exercise regimens can effectively alleviate fibromyalgia symptoms, offering promising avenues for non-pharmacological management.

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The Mollii-suit®—A novel method using reciprocal inhibition in children with cerebral palsy, gross motor function classification system IV-V: A 6-month prospective study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity

Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity

Use and Effectiveness of Electrosuit in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review with Clinical Implications

Comparative Analysis of Psychophysiological Responses in Fibromyalgia Patients: Evaluating Neuromodulation Alone, Neuromodulation Combined with Virtual Reality, and Exercise Interventions

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