“…Many workers have studied intramolecular solvation, and the phenomenon has been characterized both theoretically and experimentally in gaseous ionic species such as diols, , diamines, − polyamines, diethers, , diketones, , amides and amino acid derivatives, amino alcohols, diaminonaphthalenes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and methoxyalcohols − and diols. ,,− It has been demonstrated for chloroalkylnitriles that intramolecular solvation stabilizes the transition state of S N 2 reactions . Besides mass spectrometric methods, intramolecular solvation has been studied with a variety of other experimental methods such as microwave spectroscopy, gas-phase electron diffraction, and IR, Raman, and NMR 24 spectroscopy.…”