The molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of micronuclei: New insights into an age-old problem

Guo, Xihan; Ni, Juan; Liang, Ziqing; Xue, Jinglun; Fenech, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.11.001

Cited by 98 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 348 publications

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“…Although these nuclear anomalies have been associated with chromosomal instability events during mitosis [89][90][91][92] , recent reports showed generation of micronuclei during interphase [93][94][95] . These findings call into question that micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud does necessarily generated during mitosis 96 . Moreover, a high frequency of human mesenquimal stem cells with nuclear bud, micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridge was detected under normal in vitro culture 97 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells

Bueno

Martinez-Morga

2019

Sci Rep

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Understanding the sequence of events from undifferentiated stem cells to neuron is not only important for the basic knowledge of stem cell biology, but also for therapeutic applications. In this study we examined the sequence of biological events during neural differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Here, we show that hPDLSCs-derived neural-like cells display a sequence of morphologic development highly similar to those reported before in primary neuronal cultures derived from rodent brains. We observed that cell proliferation is not present through neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Futhermore, we may have discovered micronuclei movement and transient cell nuclei lobulation coincident to in vitro neurogenesis. Morphological analysis also reveals that neurogenic niches in the adult mouse brain contain cells with nuclear shapes highly similar to those observed during in vitro neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Our results provide additional evidence that it is possible to differentiate hPDLSCs to neuron-like cells and suggest the possibility that the sequence of events from stem cell to neuron does not necessarily requires cell division from stem cell.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells

Bueno

Martinez-Morga

2019

Sci Rep

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“…An attractive mechanistic explanation to link all these causal processes with the confined nature of genomic alterations generated by chromothripsis, is that the implicated chromosome(s) can be sequestrated into a micronucleus in which chromothripsis-related damages will occur [21,22]. Micronuclei formation can result from chromosome segregation failure but also can be caused by a wide variety of stresses occurring during any stages of the cell cycle [23,24]. Micronuclei may persist in daughter cells over several cell cycles before being eliminated or reincorporated into the regular nucleus.…”

Section: All-in-onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, micronuclei show significant reduction in the recruitment of components for both DNA replication and repair machinery [23]. The DNA replication in micronuclei is asynchronous and defective compared to the primary nucleus and the rupture of the micronuclear envelope alters active replication fork progression by diluting the material components of micronuclei into the cytoplasm [24].…”

Section: All-in-onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chromoplexy includes multiple chromosomes, it is possible that such chain of translocations was promoted by physical clustering of the breakpoints in the nucleus, in relation with the colocalization of DNA replication or transcription factories. Since multiple chromosomes can be encapsulated in micronuclei, it is also conceivable that a micronucleus-based model could mediate the process of chromoplexy [24].…”

Section: All-in-onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromoanagenesis: a piece of the macroevolution scenario

Pellestor

Gatinois

2020

Mol Cytogenet

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Over the last decade, new types of massive and complex chromosomal rearrangements based on the chaotic shattering and restructuring of chromosomes have been identified in cancer cells as well as in patients with congenital diseases and healthy individuals. These unanticipated phenomena are named chromothripsis, chromoanasynthesis and chromoplexy, and are grouped under the term of chromoanagenesis. As mechanisms for rapid and profound genome modifications in germlines and early development, these processes can be regarded as credible pathways for genomic evolution and speciation process. Their discovery confirms the importance of genome-centric investigations to fully understand organismal evolution. Because they oppose the model of progressive acquisition of driver mutations or rearrangements, these phenomena conceptually give support to the concept of macroevolution, known through the models of "Hopeful Monsters" and the "Punctuated Equilibrium". In this review, we summarize mechanisms underlying chromoanagenesis processes and we show that numerous cases of chromosomal speciation and short-term adaptation could be correlated to chromoanagenesis-related mechanisms. In the frame of a modern and integrative analysis of eukaryote evolutionary processes, it seems important to consider the unexpected chromoanagenesis phenomena.

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“…This is precisely the kind of perturbation (mechanical) an OT can provide with accuracy. Oxidative stress brought about by excessive ROS is a recognized driving agent for micronuclei production and genomic instability induction (Xu et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2019). Certain wavelengths (discussed in section "Mechanisms of Damage in OT") can directly produce 1 O 2 , which should produce similar outcomes to those mentioned above for LS in order to induce chromosomal damage.…”

Section: Micronuclei and Chromothripsis Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Material Manipulation and Modification by Optical Trapping and Nanosurgery-A Perspective

Blázquez‐Castro

Fernández‐Piqueras

Santos

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Light can be employed as a tool to alter and manipulate matter in many ways. An example has been the implementation of optical trapping, the so called optical tweezers, in which light can hold and move small objects with 3D control. Of interest for the Life Sciences and Biotechnology is the fact that biological objects in the size range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of microns can be precisely manipulated through this technology. In particular, it has been shown possible to optically trap and move genetic material (DNA and chromatin) using optical tweezers. Also, these biological entities can be severed, rearranged and reconstructed by the combined use of laser scissors and optical tweezers. In this review, the background, current state and future possibilities of optical tweezers and laser scissors to manipulate, rearrange and alter genetic material (DNA, chromatin and chromosomes) will be presented. Sources of undesirable effects by the optical procedure and measures to avoid them will be discussed. In addition, first tentative approaches at cellular-level genetic and organelle surgery, in which genetic material or DNA-carrying organelles are extracted out or introduced into cells, will be presented.

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The molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of micronuclei: New insights into an age-old problem

Cited by 98 publications

References 348 publications

Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells

Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells

Chromoanagenesis: a piece of the macroevolution scenario

Genetic Material Manipulation and Modification by Optical Trapping and Nanosurgery-A Perspective

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