The molecular origin of enhanced toughness in double-network hydrogels: A neutron scattering study

Tominaga, Taiki; Tirumala, Vijay R.; Lin, Eric K.; Gong, Jian Ping; Furukawa, Hidemitsu; Osada, Yoshihito; Wu, Wen‐Li

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.016

Cited by 81 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The data show deformation-induced structures that appear at 50% shear deformation, with a periodicity along the stress axis of 1.5 mm in the gels. [75] This implies that the gels may be single phase in the unstretched state, but undergo some kind of phase separation under stress. This two-phase structure then provides the energy absorption.…”

Section: Mechanism Leading To Strength Of Double-network Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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Hydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.

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Section: Mechanism Leading To Strength Of Double-network Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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“…1) can be accounted for in view of the intrinsic nature of these hydrogels. All the AAM-co-AMPSA hydrogels were crosslinked with stable covalent crosslinker Bis, but in addition association between strongly charged sulfonic acid group and weakly charged amide group is likely [55,56]. Those interactions may lead to the formation of weak physical crosslinks [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution interferometry as a tool for characterization of swelling of weakly charged hydrogels subjected to amphiphile and cyclodextrin exposure

Gao

Gawel

Stokke

2013

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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A high resolution interferometric technique was used to determine swelling behavior of weakly charged polyacrylamide hydrogels in the presence of oppositely charged surfactants and subsequent exposure to cyclodextrins. Hydrogels of copolymerized acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (0.22, 0.44, 0.88 mol%) and crosslinked with bisacrylamide (3, 6, 12 mol%) were employed. The equilibrium swelling and swelling kinetics of the hydrogels were determined with 2 nanometer resolution of the optical length and sampled at approximately 1 Hz. These properties were determined for the hydrogels exposed to cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at concentrations from 10

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“…The tearing fracture energy of methyl-propane sulfonate polymer/acrylamide polymer-based DN gels under optimized conditions can be as high as 10 3 Jm À2 , much higher than that of acrylamide polymer (B10 Jm À2 ) and methyl-propane sulfonate polymer gels (B0.1 Jm À2 ) alone. 68,69 The structure and property relationships of DN gels have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering, 70 dynamic light scattering, 71 molecular dynamics simulations, 72,73 modeling of crack formation 74 and void formation. 71 Entanglements between two polymer networks are a prerequisite condition in all cases for the toughness of DN gels.…”

Section: Double Network Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in hydrogels in terms of fast stimuli responsiveness and superior mechanical performance

Imran

Seki

Takeoka

2010

Polym J

136

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This review addresses the potential development of polymer hydrogels in terms of fast stimuli responsiveness and superior mechanical properties. The slow response and mechanical weakness of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels have been considered as the main barriers for their further development and practical application. It has been a dream of scientists to have fast stimuliresponsive hydrogels with superior mechanical performance. In this review, the principal reasons behind the poor stimulus sensitivity and mechanical strength of polymer gels are highlighted, and we present some pioneering physical and chemical efforts aimed at fabricating hydrogels with high stimuli sensitivities and/or superior mechanical properties. Polymer Journal ( Keywords: butterfly pattern; fast stimuli sensitivity; hydrogel; LCST; mechanical property INTRODUCTION Polymer hydrogels (hereafter called 'hydrogels') are three-dimensional polymer networks in which the voids are filled with water. These hydrogels are widely used in a variety of industrial and consumer products such as oil dewatering systems, mechanical absorbers, diapers and contact lenses. One of the most remarkable areas of research on hydrogels in the past few decades has been their stimulus sensitivity. Hydrogels composed of stimuli-responsive polymers reversibly alter their shape and volume in response to small variations in the environment, such as pH, temperature, light and electric and magnetic fields, thereby changing their physico-chemical characteristics. 1 Among all of the available environmentally responsive hydrogels, temperature-responsive hydrogels have attracted the most attention because of the facile tuning of their properties. In particular, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPA)) hydrogels have been widely investigated as thermosensitive hydrogels. Poly(NIPA) has a low critical solution temperature (LCST) at around 32 1C in water. The flexible coil of poly(NIPA) (soluble) converts into a compact globular state (insoluble) at the LCST, and this conformational change is reversible. 2 Thus, hydrogels composed of poly(NIPA) undergo a reversible volume change at a similar transition temperature in water. Poly(NIPA) hydrogels have potential applications in drug delivery systems, therapeutic agents, diagnostic devices, biomaterials, cell cultivation, biocatalysts, sensors, microfluidic devices, actuators, optical devices and size-selective separation among others. [3][4][5] A recent subject that has attracted much attention in the field of gel science is the fabrication of hydrogels with the rapid stimuli responsiveness and superior mechanical properties required for many applications of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. The creation of durable

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The molecular origin of enhanced toughness in double-network hydrogels: A neutron scattering study

Cited by 81 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

High resolution interferometry as a tool for characterization of swelling of weakly charged hydrogels subjected to amphiphile and cyclodextrin exposure

Recent advances in hydrogels in terms of fast stimuli responsiveness and superior mechanical performance

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