The molecular mechanism study of insulin in promoting wound healing under high‐glucose conditions

Abstract

Background Wound healing is a complex process in bone development. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism study of insulin in promoting wound healing. Methods Firstly, the acute human monocyte leukemia cell lines were induced to differentiate into macrophages. Secondly, the porphyromonas gingivalis was applied to mix with the differentiated macrophages. Thirdly, the effect of different concentrations of insulin (0 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, and 1,000 ng/mL) on the phagocytosis of macrophages and production of reactive oxygen species was investigated. Depending on these experiments, the optimal insulin concentration was used to treat the macrophages at different time points (0 hours and 0.5 hours) to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs. Finally, functional analysis including gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis was carried out to explore the biological function of these differentially expressed mRNAs. Results The test of phagocytosis function and production of reactive oxygen species showed that 200 ng/mL insulin treatment had a significant influence on antibacterial and production of reactive oxygen species. In RNA sequencing, a total of 415 (245 upregulated and 170 downregulated) differentially expressed mRNAs were identified between different time points. Two important signaling pathways including endocytosis and systemic lupus erythematosus were found in the KEGG enrichment analysis. In the PPI network, several hub proteins encoded by differentially expressed mRNA including ALB, HIP1R, RAB5A, HIST1H2BJ, HIST1H3G, and HIST1H2BO were identified. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that several differentially expressed mRNAs, such as EGR1, RAB34, ALB, HIP1R, RAB5A, HIST1H2BJ, HIST1H3G, and HIST1H2BO and two important signaling pathways including endocytosis and systemic lupus erythematosus may play important roles in the bone wound healing.

Insulin Topical Application for Wound Healing in Nondiabetic Patients

“…Biologically insulin is a hormone (peptide) and GF (growth factor) that has been shown in previous research to help restore damaged skin [ 3 , 4 ]. Insulin has been shown by Hrynyk et.al to aid in the early recovery of burn wounds [ 5 ].…”

<p>Effects of Topical Insulin on Wound Healing: A Review of Animal and Human Evidences</p>

“…5 Insulin is a peptide hormone and growth factor that can restore damaged skin. 6,7 In addition, because of its low cost, incorporation of insulin in wound dressings can be a desirable remedy to accelerate healing. 8 In fact, systemic insulin treatment reduces infections after surgical procedures in diabetic patients and improves healing of pressure ulcers; 9 however, this treatment has a drawback of inducing hypoglycemia and hypokalemia.…”

Transcriptomic analysis of stem cells from chorionic villi uncovers the impact of chromosomes 2, 6 and 22 in the clinical manifestations of Down syndrome

“…Interestingly, an altered expression of centromere protein ( Cenp ) genes and cell cycle checkpoints (i.e., Cenpm, Mcm5, Gtse1 and Cdc45 ) was found. CENPs are proteins expressed in the formation of centromeric structure and key elements for the formation of a correct kinetochore, essential for mitosis and whose dysregulation induces the mitosis alteration causing the alteration of the whole cell cycle [ 59 , 60 ].…”