The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light

Fan, Biao; Zhang, Chun-Xia; Chi, Jing; Liang, Yang; Bao, Xiao-Li; Cong, Yun-Yi; Yu, Bo; Li, Xun; Li, Guang-Yu

doi:10.1155/2022/8482149

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…A large number of studies on animal models or human retinal cells have reported severe photochemical injury of the retina induced by excessive exposure to blue light with wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm (blue light hazard) [ 60 , 65 – 71 ] (Table 3 ). Studies that have investigated this topic, as well as proposals for pathways and signaling mechanisms triggered by blue light in the retina, are detailed in recent reviews [ 5 , 72 ]. As yet, the exact mechanism is not elucidated and remains an area of ongoing research.…”

Section: Effects Of Blue Light On Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention—A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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Introduction Exposure to blue light has seriously increased in our environment since the arrival of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and, in recent years, the proliferation of digital devices rich in blue light. This raises some questions about its potential deleterious effects on eye health. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the ocular effects of blue light and to discuss the efficiency of methods of protection and prevention against potential blue light-induced ocular injury. Methods The search of relevant English articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022. Results Blue light exposure provokes photochemical reactions in most eye tissues, in particular the cornea, the lens, and the retina. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that certain exposures to blue light (depending on the wavelength or intensity) can cause temporary or permanent damage to some structures of the eye, especially the retina. However, currently, there is no evidence that screen use and LEDs in normal use are deleterious to the human retina. Regarding protection, there is currently no evidence of a beneficial effect of blue blocking lenses for the prevention of eye diseases, in particular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In humans, macular pigments (composed of lutein and zeaxanthin) represent a natural protection by filtering blue light, and can be increased through increased intake from foods or food supplements. These nutrients are associated with lower risk for AMD and cataract. Antioxidants such as vitamins C, E, or zinc might also contribute to the prevention of photochemical ocular damage by preventing oxidative stress. Conclusion Currently, there is no evidence that LEDs in normal use at domestic intensity levels or in screen devices are retinotoxic to the human eye. However, the potential toxicity of long-term cumulative exposure and the dose-response effect are currently unknown.

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Section: Effects Of Blue Light On Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention—A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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“…Therefore, the light wavelengths that reaches the retina are usually greater than 400 nm [ 10 ]. Red light has a longer wavelength and lower frequency in the visible light spectrum, carrying less energy than short wavelength light such as blue or purple light [ 11 ]. According to the action spectrum, which is a curve that illustrates the relationship between the different light wavelengths and sensitivity caused by retinal photochemical damage, the energy required for red light to induce retinal photochemical damage is far higher than that required by other short wavelength lights.…”

Section: Wavelength Of Light For Exerting Pbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for the Use of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

et al. 2022

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the beneficial effect produced from low-energy light irradiation on target cells or tissues. Increasing evidence in the literature suggests that PBM plays a positive role in the treatment of retinal diseases. However, there is great variation in the light sources and illumination parameters used in different studies, resulting in significantly different conclusions regarding PBM’s therapeutic effects. In addition, the mechanism by which PBM improves retinal function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a narrative review of the published literature on PBM for treating retinal diseases and summarized the key illumination parameters used in PBM. Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of PBM at the retinal cellular level with the goal of providing evidence for the improved utilization of PBM in the treatment of retinal diseases.

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“…Melanin is also present in RPE cells with an absorption peak at 335 nm [ 42 ]. The high energy carried by the photons of short-wavelength light in the visible light spectrum can trigger the orbital transition of electrons or break chemical bonds, resulting in modifications of molecular structures, once absorbed by the photosensitive groups of the retina [ 43 ]. The photon energy transferred to these photosensitive molecules causes the electron orbital transition of oxygen to generate singlet oxygen (1O 2 ), which can react with other molecules to break their chemical bonds and further generate superoxide radicals (O 2·− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 44 ].…”

Section: Photooxidation and Parp-1 Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.

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The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light

Cited by 17 publications

References 122 publications

Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention—A Narrative Review

Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention—A Narrative Review

Considerations for the Use of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury

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