The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols with Anti-Aging Activity in Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Abstract

Skin is the largest organ in the body comprised of three different layers including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The dermis is mainly composed of dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen and elastin, which are strongly related to skin elasticity and firmness. Skin is continuously exposed to different kinds of environmental stimuli. For example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollutants, or smoking aggravates skin aging. These external stimuli accelerate the aging process by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling pathways and even cause aging-related diseases. Skin aging is characterized by elasticity loss, wrinkle formation, a reduced dermal-epidermal junction, and delayed wound healing. Thus, many studies have shown that natural polyphenol compounds can delay the aging process by regulating age-related signaling pathways in aged dermal fibroblasts. This review first highlights the relationship between aging and its related molecular mechanisms. Then, we discuss the function and underlying mechanism of various polyphenols for improving skin aging. This study may provide essential insights for developing functional cosmetics and future clinical applications.

Voghera Sweet Pepper: A Potential Ally against Oxidative Stress and Aging

“…Notably, even though a decrease was assessed compared to young NHDF, viability higher than 100% was determined in old NHDF after treatment with pepper extracts. Hence, in line with the previous literature regarding a wide range of plant extracts [ 16 , 37 ], these findings support the notion that a 1 mg/mL concentration of VP extract was even able to trigger fibroblast cell proliferation [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Recent interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine, using natural products, has increased considerably to improve the health and well-being of humans [ 13 , 14 ]. In particular, the antioxidant properties of vitamin E, polyphenols, and flavonoids, as beneficial components from fruit and vegetables, have often been claimed to be responsible for the protective effects against cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, being able to better quality of life and longer life expectancy [ 15 , 16 ]. To date, many studies have demonstrated that polyphenols and flavonoids have the antioxidant effect of scavenging ROS, able to enhance the autophagy process [ 13 , 14 , 17 ].…”

Possible Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Skin Cellular Senescence, Inflammation, and Cancer and the Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polyphenols

“…Senescent cells accumulate in aging tissues and organs, impairing physiological processes, including regeneration, and leading to aging [ 52 ]. Compared with young cells, senescent cells exhibit increased beta-galactosidase activity and cell cycle inhibitors P21 and P16, as well as reduced lamin B1, and produce senescence-associated secreted protein (SASP) [ 53 ]. Excessive ROS promote the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory cytokines by activating two major SASP regulatory pathways in the senescent cells: the MAPK and NF-κB pathways [ 54 ].…”

Skin Ageing: A Progressive, Multi-Factorial Condition Demanding an Integrated, Multilayer-Targeted Remedy

“…Modulation of the dermal fibroblast–ECM interactions, by breaking the self-perpetuating cycle of collagen fibril fragmentation, is also an important procedure to skin anti-ageing. 77 , 78 This involves introducing agents that can stimulate fibroblast proliferation, 79 suppress expression of MMPs, 80 boost collagenesis, 81 elastin production, 82 and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, 83 etc.…”