The Molecular Epidemiology of Echinococcus Infections

Thompson, R.C.A.

doi:10.3390/pathogens9060453

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…To complete the lifecycle, the cestode needs as intermediate hosts a wide range of herbivorous and omnivorous mammals and as definitive hosts dogs and wild canids (Thompson et al, 2017;Kinkar et al, 2018a). The adult worm develops in the small intestine of the definitive host while the larval stage grows into a hydatid cyst in intermediate hosts, causing CE (Kinkar et al, 2018a;Thompson, 2020). Transmission of the infection occurs through egg ingestion either by direct contact with definitive hosts or indirectly by drinking water or consuming contaminated fruits and vegetables (Possenti et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats of Lebanon

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats of Lebanon

et al. 2021

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“…Again, 14.3% of those who sourced it from professionals, including veterinarians, was lower than 18.6% (Kiflu et al., 2016). Although veterinary education in Ethiopia started many years ago compared to that of Rwanda (Brown et al., 2020), this indicates that sources of animal health information vary between locations. Sourcing information regarding CZH from colleagues and friends can result in sharing inaccurate information and predisposing dog owners to adopting inappropriate practices against such infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs develop the latter infection when they consume food, water or faeces contaminated with E. multilocularis eggs or autoinfect themselves when adult worms of E. multilocularis present in their intestines lay eggs (Frey et al, 2017;Scharf et al, 2004). Of ten species of Echinococcus currently known, seven are zoonotic (Thompson, 2020). Dogs develop dipylidiasis after ingesting an intermediate host (fleas) containing an egg capsule of D. caninum (Despommier et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding canine zoonotic helminthiases among dog owners in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Ntampaka

Niragire

Nkurunziza

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Despite their importance to society, dogs are susceptible to various helminths. This study aimed to understand perceptions, attitudes and practices (PAP) regarding canine zoonotic helminthiases (CZH) among dog owners in Rwanda. Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out in Nyagatare district of Rwanda, where 203 dog owners were randomly selected and interviewed. To analyse this study's data, we used frequency distributions, chi‐square test of association and binary logistic regression model. Results Overall, 75.9% and 30% of the respondents were aware of canine and human helminthiases, respectively. Around 74.4% knew that dogs source helminthiases from eating raw infected meat. Also, 74.4% knew vomiting, diarrhoea and swelling of the belly as clinical signs of the helminthiases. Around 58.6% washed hands with soap and water after handling a dog. Only 17.2% and 15.5% dewormed the dogs and treated them against ectoparasites using conventional anthelmintics and acaricides manufactured for dogs, respectively. Of all respondents, 33% held genuine perceptions, while 78.3% and 25.1% adopted positive attitudes and appropriate practices about CZH, respectively. The respondents’ educational level and length of dog ownership correlated with their perceptions and practices about CZH, respectively, while sources of information on CZH influenced their PAP of such infections. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of having genuine perceptions and positive attitudes were more than 82% lower among those who sourced the information from neighbours & colleagues compared to those who gathered it through reading. Again, the length of dog ownership (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.90) correlated with the respondent's practices about CZH. Conclusions Only 33% and 25.1% of the respondents held genuine perceptions and adopted positive attitudes regarding CZH, respectively. The findings indicate increased zoonotic helminths in dogs, possible spillover in humans and anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, awareness campaigns are needed to upgrade dog owners’ knowledge of the zoonotic helminthiases in dogs in Nyagatare district.

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“…AE is caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis , classified in the family Taeniidae, which contains three other genera: Taenia, Hydatigera, and Versteria [ 23 ]. The taxonomy of the genus Echinococcus has been established and includes 8 to 10 species, according to the latest publications, of which six have been described to be pathogenic for humans: E. multilocularis , E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. canadensis , E. ortleppi , E. vogeli , and E. oligarthra [ 32 , 38 , 40 ]. AE is caused by E. multilocularis , while cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by three species of the E. granulosus complex ( E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. canadensis and E. ortleppi ), and neotropical echinococcosis is caused by E. vogeli and E. oligarthra .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in patients based on frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples

et al. 2022

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Confirmed diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is based on pathological criteria and molecular evidence. This parasite-borne disease, caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, sparingly involves humans as a dead-end host. In humans, the parasite mainly colonizes the liver but can colonize any organ and cause atypical forms, often difficult to characterize clinically. Moreover, molecular methods may be suitable to make the diagnosis of AE in cases of atypical forms, extra-hepatic localizations, or immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study was to determine the most relevant published PCR techniques, for diagnosis of AE in patients and adopt the best strategy for molecular diagnosis depending on the nature of the tested sample. In this study, we evaluated nine end-point PCR assays and one real-time PCR assay (qPCR), targeting mitochondrial genes, using a total of 89 frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from either 48 AE or 9 cystic echinococcosis patients. Targeted fragment-genes ranged from 84 to 529 bp. Six PCR assays were able to amplify the DNA of 100% of the frozen AE-samples and for one PCR, 69.8% of the FFPE AE-samples. The 16S rrnL PCR (84 bp) was positive in PCR for 77% of the AE samples and in qPCR for 86.5%. The sensitivity of the PCR assays was higher for fresh samples and FFPE samples stored for less than 5 years. The qPCR assay further increased sensitivity for the tested samples, confirming the need for the development of an Echinococcus spp. qPCR to improve the molecular diagnosis of echinococcoses.

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The Molecular Epidemiology of Echinococcus Infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats of Lebanon

Cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats of Lebanon

Perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding canine zoonotic helminthiases among dog owners in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Molecular diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in patients based on frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples

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