Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is often abnormally expressed in tumors especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and involved in tumor progression. However, the dysregulation of lncRNA expression in tumors is poorly understood. Methods: The expression of lncRNA was determined and screened by microarray, RT-PCR, qPCR and in situ hybridization in HCC cells. Multiple component transcription analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to investigate transcriptional regulation of the lncRNA expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, point mutation and western blots were carried out for the analysis of acetylation regulation.Results: Here, we showed that lncRNA AY927503 (lncAY) was regulated in HCC cells by sulfatide-mediated transcriptional axis. Sulfatide significantly strengthened lncAY expression and promoted HCC cell migration, proliferation or angiogenesis, whereas cerebroside sulfotransferase silence reduced lncAY expression and drastically hindered HCC cell proliferation, migration or angiogenesis. Interestingly, sulfatide significantly enhanced the activity of reporter carrying lncAY gene promoter. Myb and MEF2C were then identified as the transcription factors responsive to sulfatide and responsible for the stimulation of lncAY promoter activity and lncAY transcription. Both Myb and MEF2C enrichment on lncAY promoter was further confirmed in HCC cells, and their occupancy on lncAY promoter was enhanced by sulfatide for Myb or MEF2C was acetylated. However, Myb mutation of K456/503A prevented Myb from being acetylated under the induction by sulfatide, and the mutant Myb K456/503A was unable to occupy lncAY promoter and enhance lncAY transcription. Myb or MEF2C was complexed with SIN3B or p300. In the presence of sulfatide, HDAC2 dissociation from SIN3B complex was observed. Conclusion: These results uncovered the sulfatide/Myb/MEF2C/lncAY axis in HCC, which controls HCC cell proliferation, and provided an insight into the mechanisms of lncAY dysregulation.