The Molecular Detection and Antimicrobial Profiles of Selected Bacterial Pathogens in Slaughterhouses in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Inadequate hygienic conditions and poor handling are the primary causes of contamination in abattoirs. This study aimed to identify and molecularly detect pathogenic bacteria in sheep meat at slaughterhouses in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the study evaluated the sensitivity of these bacteria to various antimicrobials. In total, 150 samples were collected three times every two months from November 2021 to March 2022 from four abattoirs located in the south, west, east, and north of Riyadh. Pathogenic bacteria were separated using selective media, and the Vitek 2 system was utilized to identify all species and test their response to antibiotics. PCR was employed to detect virulence genes. The four pathogenic bacteria identified in all samples were Escherichia coli (12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.3%), Salmonella enterica (7.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.6%). Abattoir D had a high number of bacteria isolated in January. K. pneumoniae and S. enterica exhibited resistance to ampicillin. S. enterica also demonstrated resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. P. aeruginosa was resistant to tigecycline. PCR results indicated positive tests for the E. coli gene FimH, the P. aeruginosa genes plcH and toxA, and the K. pneumoniae gene mrkD. Pathogenic bacteria with positive results for virulence genes have the potential to cause contamination and human diseases. To improve quality and reduce contamination, the government must address the issue of providing adequate and safe water for activities in all abattoirs in Riyadh City.