The Molecular Biology of Hepatitis Delta Virus

Mm, Lai; Kobayashi, Midori; Koike, Kayo

doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.64.1.259

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…HDV has a genome of approximately 1700 nucleotides that encodes two antigen isoforms named SDAg and LDAg, for the small and large delta antigens, respectively [53]. SDAg is required for genome replication while the LDAg is used for virion packaging [54].…”

Section: Morphology Of C Elegans Nucleolimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleolus ofCaenorhabditis elegans

Lee

Lee²,

Huang³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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Nucleolar size and appearance correlate with ribosome biogenesis and cellular activity. The mechanisms underlying changes in nucleolar appearance and regulation of nucleolar size that occur during differentiation and cell cycle progression are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a good model for studying these processes because of its small size and transparent body, well-characterized cell types and lineages, and because its cells display various sizes of nucleoli. This paper details the advantages of using C. elegans to investigate features of the nucleolus during the organism's development by following dynamic changes in fibrillarin (FIB-1) in the cells of early embryos and aged worms. This paper also illustrates the involvement of the ncl-1 gene and other possible candidate genes in nucleolar-size control. Lastly, we summarize the ribosomal proteins involved in life span and innate immunity, and those homologous genes that correspond to human disorders of ribosomopathy.

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Section: Morphology Of C Elegans Nucleolimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleolus ofCaenorhabditis elegans

Lee

Lee²,

Huang³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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“…HDV shares selected similarities with viroids by also having a circular single-stranded RNA genome that adopts an unbranched rod-shaped secondary structure as its most stable configuration. In addition, HDV replicates in the nucleus by a rolling circle mechanism using host DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, and multimeric forms of both the infectious genome and complement antigenome are cleaved autocatalytically by self-encoded ribozymes that require pseudoknot structures not found in the rod-like form [39][40][41][42]. Since the conformational switch that controls HDV ribozyme activity has been recently reviewed [43,44], it will not be covered here.…”

Section: Rna Structure Dynamics In the Editing Of Hepatitis Delta Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA conformational changes in the life cycles of RNA viruses, viroids, and virus-associated RNAs

Simon

Gehrke

2009

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanism

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The rugged nature of the RNA structural free energy landscape allows cellular RNAs to respond to environmental conditions or fluctuating levels of effector molecules by undergoing dynamic conformational changes that switch on or off activities such as catalysis, transcription or translation. Infectious RNAs must also temporally control incompatible activities and rapidly complete their life cycle before being targeted by cellular defenses. Viral genomic RNAs must switch between translation and replication, and untranslated subviral RNAs must control other activities such as RNA editing or self-cleavage. Unlike well-characterized riboswitches in cellular RNAs, the control of infectious RNA activities by altering the configuration of functional RNA domains has only recently been recognized. In this review, we will present some of these molecular rearrangements found in RNA viruses, viroids and virus-associated RNAs, relating how these dynamic regions were discovered, the activities that might be regulated, and what factors or conditions might cause a switch between conformations.

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“…Based on the percentage of nucleotide identity of the genome, HDV was initially classified into three genotypes, designated genotypes I-III [4]. The distribution of various HDV genotypes is closely associated with geographic origins and disease outcomes [18].…”

Section: Diversity Of Hdv Genome Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genome size of RNA viruses is generally shorter than that of DNA viruses and ranges approximately from 2 to 31 kb. The smallest RNA virus identified to date is the human hepatitis D virus (HDV) which is about 1.7 kb in size and contains only one ORF [4–7]. HDV requires the coexistence of HBV to supply envelope proteins for its assembly into mature virions and is, hence, a defective virus, or it is called a satellite virus of HBV [4, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smallest RNA virus identified to date is the human hepatitis D virus (HDV) which is about 1.7 kb in size and contains only one ORF [4–7]. HDV requires the coexistence of HBV to supply envelope proteins for its assembly into mature virions and is, hence, a defective virus, or it is called a satellite virus of HBV [4, 6]. Although HBV and other hepadnaviruses are found in a number of mammals, HDV has thus far been found in humans [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

Huang¹,

2010

Advances in Bioinformatics

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Human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest RNA virus in genome. HDV genome is divided into a viroid-like sequence and a protein-coding sequence which could have originated from different resources and the HDV genome was eventually constituted through RNA recombination. The genome subsequently diversified through accumulation of mutations selected by interactions between the mutated RNA and proteins with host factors to successfully form the infectious virions. Therefore, we propose that the conservation of HDV nucleotide sequence is highly related with its functionality. Genome analysis of known HDV isolates shows that the C-terminal coding sequences of large delta antigen (LDAg) are the highest diversity than other regions of protein-coding sequences but they still retain biological functionality to interact with the heavy chain of clathrin can be selected and maintained. Since viruses interact with many host factors, including escaping the host immune response, how to design a program to predict RNA genome evolution is a great challenging work.

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The Molecular Biology of Hepatitis Delta Virus

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

The Nucleolus ofCaenorhabditis elegans

The Nucleolus ofCaenorhabditis elegans

RNA conformational changes in the life cycles of RNA viruses, viroids, and virus-associated RNAs

Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

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