The molecular biology of caliciviruses.

Clarke, Ian N.; Lambden, Paul R.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-2-291

Cited by 119 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…Caliciviruses contain a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and include a further three genera, Vesivirus, Lagovirus, and Sapovirus (2,3,8). Noroviruses (NVs) have three major open reading frames (ORFs) that encode nonstructural, capsid, and minor structural proteins, respectively (8). They are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis and have been detected in fecal samples from both humans (12,15,28) and animals (20,30,37).…”

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“…To clarify the genetic characteristics of NV in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, we phylogenetically analyzed nucleotide sequences at the 5Ј end of ORF2, which encodes the capsid protein (8), in NVs detected in Chiba Prefecture from 1999 to 2004. Furthermore, the protruding (P) region of the capsid protein from GII-4 genotype NV strains was also analyzed.…”

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Genetic Analysis of Noroviruses in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2004

et al. 2005

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Noroviruses (NVs) are common pathogens that consist of genetically divergent viruses that induce gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Between September 1999 and June 2004, 1,898 samples obtained from patients showing sporadic or outbreak gastroenteritis in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, were tested for NVs by reverse transcription-PCR. NVs were detected in 603 samples. Approximately 80% were positive for genogroup GII, 13% were positive for genogroup GI, and the remaining 7% were positive for both genogroups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GI and GII genogroups could be further divided into 13 and 16 genotypes (including new genotypes), respectively. The GII-4 genotype, which included five small genetic clusters (subtypes), was the most common in this study and was detected in approximately 40% of positive samples. The P2 regions of 10 strains belonging to each of the five GII-4 subtypes showed 5 to 18% amino acid diversity. The amino acid substitutions accumulated in the protruding (P) region during the 5-year study period. Our data suggest that highly variable NV strains are circulating in Chiba Prefecture, with a high rate of genetic change observed during the 5-year study period.The genus Norovirus is a member of the family Caliciviridae. Caliciviruses contain a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and include a further three genera, Vesivirus, Lagovirus, and Sapovirus (2,3,8). Noroviruses (NVs) have three major open reading frames (ORFs) that encode nonstructural, capsid, and minor structural proteins, respectively (8). They are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis and have been detected in fecal samples from both humans (12,15,28) and animals (20,30,37). Human-associated NV outbreaks resulting from ingestion of contaminated water or food, such as oysters (4,5,18,23), and outbreaks in public places, particularly hospitals, schools, and cruise ships (9,11,22,36), pose an important public health problem.Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the partial viral genome are the most popular and useful procedures for obtaining epidemiological and genetic information on NVs. Human NVs can be divided into two genogroups, genogroups GI and GII, by genetic analysis of the RNA polymerase and capsid regions (1, 15), with several genotype classifications having been reported independently (1,16,33). Recently, based on the genotype classification of Katayama et al. (16), Kageyama et al. (15) reported on a detailed scheme for the genotyping of NVs based on distribution analysis by using the pairwise distance of the capsid N-terminal/shell domain. They classified the GI and GII genogroups into 14 and 17 genotypes, respectively.During the winter of 2002-2003, an increase in NV outbreaks was reported in Europe and the United States (6, 21). Moreover, worldwide, the GII-4 genotype (Bristol virus-like genotype) has been shown to be the predominant strain of NV associated with gastroenteritis (13,21,(34)(35)(36). Changes in the phylogenetic and genetic characteristics of GII-4 genotype strains...

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Genetic Analysis of Noroviruses in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2004

et al. 2005

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“…The virus genome, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA of about 8.3 kb in length, is covalently linked at its 5 -terminus to a small virus protein (VPg) and is polyadenylated at its 3 -end. Analysis of the RaV genome sequence indicates the presence of three ORFs, similar to those described for Vesivirus and Norovirus (Clarke and Lambden, 1997;Green, 2007). ORF1 encodes a polyprotein of 1880 amino acids including domains homologous to the picornavirus non-structural proteins 2C (helicase-NTPase, residues 590-597 for the GxxGxGKT motif), 3C (cysteine protease, residues 1303-1308 for the motif containing the catalytic cysteine), and 3D (RNAdependent RNA polymerase, residues 1598-1603 for motif A, or 1701-1704 for motif C).…”

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confidence: 93%

Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus-infected Vero cells

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tRabbit vesivirus infection induces membrane modifications and accumulation of vesicular structures in the cytoplasm of infected Vero cells. Crude RaV replication complexes (RCs) have been purified and their structural and functional properties have been characterized. We show that calnexin, an ER-resident protein, RaV non-structural proteins 2AB-, 2C-, 3A-, 3B-and 3CD-like as well as viral RNAs co-localize within membranous structures which are able to replicate the endogenous RNA templates. The purified virus factories protected their viral RNA contents from microccocal nuclease degradation and were inaccessible to exogenously added synthetic transcripts. In addition, we have shown that RCs can be used to investigate uridylylation of native endogenous VPg. In contrast to the observation that the virus factories were inaccessible to RNAs, RCs were accessible to added recombinant VPg which was subsequently nucleotidylylated. Nevertheless no elongation of an RNA chain attached to native or recombinant VPg could be demonstrated.

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“…ORF3 as a small ORF found in the extreme 3' end of the genome is common to all caliciviruses [3]. The protein encoded by ORF3 was thought to have a nucleic acid binding function because of the number of conserved basic amino acid residues [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the N-Terminal Polypeptide of the Capsid Precursor Protein and the ORF3 Product of Feline Calicivirus.

Tohya

Shinchi

Matsuura

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The N-terminal unique polypeptide region of the capsid precursor protein of feline calicivirus (FCV) and the protein encoded by ORF3 of FCV were expressed as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase to analyze the expressed products in FCV-infected cells. Immunoblot analysis using a serum from a cat experimentally infected with FCV indicated relatively high immunogenicity of the Nterminal polypeptide in FCV-infected cats, as compared with the ORF3 protein. Specific antisera were prepared by immunization to mice with the fused proteins and used in immunoblot analysis. A 14 kD product corresponding to the N-terminal polypeptide and a 10 kD polypeptide of the ORF3 product were identified in the FCV-infected cells but not detected in the purified particles. No neutralization activity against FCV was detected in these antisera. The proteins identified as polypeptides of 14 kD and 10 kD in this study may have functions as non-structural proteins.-KEY WORDS: capsid precursor protein, expression, feline calicivirus, glutathione S-transferase, immunogenicity.

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The molecular biology of caliciviruses.

Cited by 119 publications

References 64 publications

Genetic Analysis of Noroviruses in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2004

Genetic Analysis of Noroviruses in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2004

Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus-infected Vero cells

Analysis of the N-Terminal Polypeptide of the Capsid Precursor Protein and the ORF3 Product of Feline Calicivirus.

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